1. AFP ATLAS Forward Proton Upgrade Project AFP physics goals AFP where and how AFP plans Work to be done:  Integration in the LHC (ECR, specifications, work packages, reviews, …)  Status of AFP components (pot, station, infrastructure, detectors) Conclusions TREX 23APR2015 1 Michael Rijssenbeek (PL)

2. APPROVED TO BE REVIEWED (2017) AFP Physics in Run 2 (and 3?) Single Diffraction (a single forward proton, ‘stuff’ in center) – large cross sections, ~mb – special, low-μ runs; β*=0.55 m or 90 m Central Diffraction (two forward protons, ‘stuff’ in center) – modest cross sections, ~nb – special μ~1 runs; β*=0.55 m or 90 m Central Exclusive Diffraction (two forward protons, and only dijet in center) – small cross sections, ~pb – standard runs; β*=0.55 m Di-Photon exchange (two forward protons, and only W + W – in center) – small cross sections, ~fb – standard runs; β*=0.55 m – Anomalous Quartic Gauge Couplings ! 2 pp→p F jj X F (SD jj) pp→p F X F jj Y F p F (CD jj) pp→p F + jj + p F (CED jj) pp→p F + WW + p F (DPhE) TREX 23APR2015

3. LHC Sector A6R1 (Q5 – Q6) Possible locations for the Roman pot stations: – limited only by QRL bellows and TCL6 TREX 23APR2015 3 Possible RPS Locations Space reservation: D. Macina, LHC-XAFP-EC-0001-10-00 (11 Jun 2012)

4. ATLAS Forward Protons at 210 m Hit pattern in AFP is determined by the LHC optics For β*=0.55 m: – upward tilt for protons with energy loss is caused by vertical crossing angle in Point 1 LHCC 3MAR2015 4 p/cm 2 /100 fb –1

5. AFP Beam Interface Horizontal Roman pot stations (a la TOTEM) TREX 23APR2015 5 AFP Roman pot TOTEM Horizontal Roman pot assembly ALFA Vertical Roman pot station

6. Status of AFP AFP was approved as ATLAS Phase 1 Upgrade Project in March. TDR vs 5.1 in CDS, finished in Collaboration review: ATL-COM-UPGRADE-2015-006 at https://cds.cern.ch/record/1999192 https://cds.cern.ch/record/1999192 Funds in place for AFP0+2 (two stations in Right arm) – funds for AFP2+2 under discussion Draft TDR was presented to LHCC in March 3 Final LHCC approval expected June 3 TREX 23APR2015 6

7. AFP Plans Start with: Single Arm, 2 Roman Pot Stations Earliest opportunity to install: Winter 2015-16 SSD – AFP Beam Pipe section ~10 m – RP Stations + BPM – Cables – Vacuum, Cooling Tracking detectors (SiT) – 4 planes of 3-D Silicon Pixels; edgeless (190 um) – provide L1 Trigger from FE-I4 HitOR outputs (e.g. 3 planes out of 4) – SiT can be installed during a short (6 hr) access NO Time-of-Flight (ToF) for AFP0+2 – ToF not needed/useful for 1-arm physics … only for study of time structure of backgrounds …  install only if the rest is done ! Complete: Two-Arm AFP2+2: in Winter 2016-2017 (19 wks) LHCC 3MAR2015 7 a VERY large job in VERY little time !

8. AFP Plans Considerations: – Winter 2015-16 shut down is VERY short – may not be able to install … – time to Dec’15 is VERY short – may not be able to commission and certify 2 stations … – But: Winter 2015-16 shutdown length is uncertain; may be longer (or shorter!). We should be prepared to take advantage … Anything (cables, patch panels, beam pipe mods) that can be installed will reduce load for Winter 2016-17 shutdown … Keep AFP momentum going … Huge pay-off IF we can install even one station and detector: – gain crucial operational experience ! both for AFP and LHC – measurements of backgrounds ! – early physics … TREX 23APR2015 8

9. Run 2 and Beyond Plans for Run 2: – AFP0+2 in 2015/16 SSD (?); AFP2+2 in 2016/17 – Special high β* runs in 2016-2017 – Standard optics runs to measure environment Participate in Run 3 if: – standard optics works for AFP (review) – High Lumi AFP program is approved (review) LHCC 3MAR2015 9 Run 1 Run 2 Run 3

10. Resources, Work Packages, etc. EN-MEF support requested – integration in the tunnel (Y. Muttoni et al.): beam pipe modifications cabling (V. Canale) cooling, sec. vacuum – ECR in preparation PH-DT support requested – consultations with experts (X.Pons, C.Bault) – work package/description of “Motorization” (motion, motors and controls) TE-VSC – 10 m of NEG-coated beam pipe (TE-VSC-BVO, G. Bregliozzi) Manpower: – AFP Technical staff (3.5 FTE) – ATLAS-TC Technical staff (~1 FTE) TREX 23APR2015 10 AFP Contact: M. Rijssenbeek, Chris Ng AFP Contact: P. Sicho AFP Contact: P. Sicho, M. Rijssenbeek, Chris Ng

11. Integration into the LHC – LHC Tunnel: AFP Beam Layout: – Locations of patch panels, crates, cooling, pumps, – to be specified in the AFP ECR … TREX 23APR2015 11 6L1 Region TCL6

12. ECR in the works … 1.Purpose 2.AFP detector interface a.Roman pots i.Description ii.RF compatibility iii.Vacuum compatibility iv.Cooling b.Roman pot stations i.Description ii.Motorization and motion controls iii.Floor locations and drill patterns iv.Beam Position Monitor c.Integration in the LHC i.New layout of the 6R1 sub-sector ii.Dummy beam pipe sections iii.Beam loss monitors 3.Services a.cables: i.Types and numbers ii.Start/end locations & connectors iii.Patch panels, connectors & locations b.Secondary vacuum i.Connections to ALFA vacuum racks (RR-13) c.Cooling system i.Dry compressed air for vortex cooling TREX 23APR2015 12 Contents: ? ? ? ?

13. ECR in the works … 4.Roman pot station interlocks a.integration with ATLAS/ALFA interlock system b.rad monitors 5.Impacts a.On operational safety i.“Element Important de Securite” ii.Other operational safety aspects b.On other items i.LHC ii.Impact on utilities & services iii.Impact on costs iv.Impact on schedule v.Impact on performance 6.Worksite safety a.Organization b.Regulatory tests c.Special risks 7.Follow-up Actions 8.References TREX 23APR2015 13 Contents:

14. Status: Roman Pot Roman pot raw material: – 316LN 3D forged steel: Purchase Order in preparation – 2 UHV fixed flanges 295/235 mm purchased (18.60.19.295.5, CHF 615.00/ea) Pot production: – U Alberta (Chris Ng) – 1 prototype, 4+1 production pots – certification: CERN TREX 23APR2015 14 Pot design: – U Alberta (Chris Ng)

15. Roman Pot AFP pot very similar to TOTEM pot – cylindrical: good RF behavior (≲1% of LHC impedance at few mm) AFP detectors require a flat inside bottom in the pot – thin window machined on the beam side –different from TOTEM pot – design & simulations done: satisfactory (<70% of elastic limit) – prototype in 5-10 weeks? LHCC 3MAR2015 15 0.8 mm maximum bulge (vacuum in LHC and 1 atm in pot)

16. Status: Roman Pot Station Roman pot station: – Manufacturer: Vakuum Praha – Technical Specification is written – Single-source PO in preparation: drawings package being finalized (~done) final drawing review in 2 weeks single-source justification written & funds in place – 1 prototype, 2+2 production stations Work Package to describe: – Mechanical tests of RPS  Chris Ng, MR TREX 23APR2015 16

17. Roman Pot station AFP Roman Pot station: – Replicate TOTEM horizontal station reliable and proven design external manufacturer – Interface to ALFA pedestal  drawing modifications in work … LHCC 3MAR2015 17 Beam pipe Bellow Roman pot Motor drive Rails Slide Vacuum Compensation system T OTEM A LFA Support Bracket Support Frame Support Tripod Beam Pipe Reduce height by 32 mm

18. Roman Pot Station Technical Specification: – basis of the RPS purchase order TREX 23APR2015 18 + 27 more …

19. Status: Infrastructure Beam instrumentation (contact: MR): – BPMSX (+D OROS ) at 217 m station – beam loss monitors (LHC) Infrastructure (contact: Petr Sicho): – Cooling for pots and detectors (dry air, 9 bar/400 L/min) – Secondary vacuum (tap into ALFA syst.) – Cables & Patchpanels: fast air-core cables for Trigger, Reference Clock TDAQ Optical fibers HV cables LV cables DCS CanBus cables Optoboard Power VVDC Station motion control BPM signals DCS (contact: E. Banaś): – Secondary pressure – Cooling air pressure – Temperatures pots, detectors, air, crates, regulators – Voltages and currents LHCC 3MAR2015 19 Elzbieta Banaś AIRCOOLER (Vic Vacek) define: ~2 weeks

20. In the Pot: 3D Silicon Pixel Tracker Requirements: – Resolution: σ x =10 μm, σ y =30 μm – edgeless ≲200 μm + for high luminosity: – Radiation hard: 5×10 15 p/cm 2 /100 fb –1 – must handle very non-uniform irradiation ATLAS IBL technology: – 3D pixel sensors: 336 × 80 of 50 μm (x) × 250 μm (y) after cut: efficient to 100-150 μm – FE-I4b readout ASIC rad hard – tested up to 2.5 MGy and 5×10 15 1 MeV-eq n/cm 2 – non-uniform irradiation tests few×10 15 p/cm 2 successful LHCC 3MAR2015 20 3D CNM pixel sensor and saw cut

21. In the Pot: Time-of-Flight Detector Requirements: – high resolution: σ t ≤10 ps – high rate: ≤5 MHz – radiation hard (100-300 fb –1 ) – long life PMT – segmentation in x (~ξ ) – L1 Trigger capability – low mass: 1.8% λ int /bar Long-life, high-rate MCP-PMT – 25 mm ×25 mm; 4×4 pixels – manufacturer: Photonis LHCC 3MAR2015 21 p diff Al mirror θCθC MCP-4×4-PMT 6 mm Radiator Design: “LQbar” – each bar σ t ≤ 30 ps – 4 independent bars: ≤15 ps

22. Detectors inside the Roman Pot LHCC 3MAR2015 22

23. Summary ATLAS/AFP looks forward to collaborating on the integration of the AFP detectors in the LHC tight collaboration is crucial to successful installation AFP very much welcomes any suggestions and comments from the “Tunnel Region” experts! Please contact AFP PL: Michael.Rijssenbeek@cern.ch LHCC 3MAR2015 23 ATLAS Forward Protons

24. Back-Up TREX 23APR2015 24

25. 3-D Silicon Pixel Tracker Trigger: – AND of 3 planes (FE-I4 HitOR) DAQ: – RCE-based (AdvancedTCA) – used for IBL stave testing – worked VERY well in test beam! Performance: – Efficiency ≥98%/plane (will be higher with 13° tilt) – 98% single track events, 0.4% empty triggers – Track CoG resolution: σ x =7 μm, σ y =36 μm Production Status: – Sensors cut, Under Bump Metallization done – FE-I4 in house, to be sent for UBM – Flexes to be designed  critical path – Sensor card and holder: to be designed  critical path LHCC 3MAR2015 25 Setup in test beam Nov 2014 CERN SPS

26. Beam Test: Time-of-Flight Detector – Sit-ToF correllation: excellent (but some X-talk) ToF efficiency: >99% – Resolution: ~30 ps (Oscilloscope) LHCC 3MAR2015 26 A B (6 mm) 1A 1B 2A 2B 3A 3B 4A 4B

27. AFP organization – AFP is a FWD Upgrade Project with its own PL (and deputy PL) PL elected for 2 yrs or until AFP is installed, whichever comes earlier – MR Endorsed After installation: merge with ALFA TREX 23APR2015 27 FWD PL M. Bruschi LUCIDALFAAFP AFP PL M.Rijssenbeek Physics C C. Royon, R. Staszewski Project E. Ch. Ng DQ D. Caforio Deputy PL J. Pinfold Optics M. Trzebinski Diffraction L. Adamczyk Soft/Sim M. Dyndal DCS E. Banas DAQ K. Korcyl Trigger L. Adamczyk Run/TB C J. Lange RPS Project Eng. Roman Pot Project Eng. ToF T. Sykora SiT S. Grinstein Cooling V. Vacek Installation P. Sicho

28. Technical Manpower At CERN – 0.5 FTE of Project engineer 6 months at CERN in 2015, and again in 2016 : – Christopher Ng (Alberta) – 1.5 – 2 FTE of (Senior) Technician 6 months at CERN in 2015, and again in 2016; possibilities: – Richard Soluk (~0.5 FTE, Applied Physicist, Alberta) – David Northacker (~0.5 FTE, Mech. Tech. (MT), Stony Brook) – Giulio Avoni (~0.3 FTE ??* ET/MT, Bologna) – Giuseppe Fiore (~0.3 FTE ??* MT, Lecce) – Paul M. Davis (~0.2 FTE, Elec.Eng., Alberta) *) to be discussed with and agreed upon by Bologna and Lecce group responsibles – 2-3 Graduate/Master Students ≥ 3 months at CERN in 2015, and again in 2016 list of tasks to be defined by MR TREX 23APR2015 28

29. TDR Cover ? Cover First page TREX 23APR2015 29 CERN-LHCC-2015-0xx ATLAS TDR xx 20 May 2015 CERN-LHCC-2015-0xx ATLAS TDR xx 20 May 2015 AT LAS F orward P rotons Technical Design Report TDR

30. EN-MEF Support, … EN-MEF Support for AFP Roman pot station (RPS) Integration in the LHC 6R1 (and 6L1) regions between Q5 and Q6 quadrupoles. This support consists of: – Installation drawings for sectors 6R1 (and 6L1): RPSs to be located at positions (to be confirmed!) z=±204.8 m (near), z=±216.8 m (far) away from IP1. BPM (type to be determined), 0.285 m long, immediately after the far station, directly connected to flange, Dummy beam pipe sections of 0.332 m long that take the place of the Roman pot stations Bellows (with RF fingers) where appropriate, Pump ports where appropriate, Beam pipe sections (NEG coated) where appropriate (TE-VBO), beam pipe supports where appropriate – Cable Installation for AFP Between AFP and USA15: Cable list (preliminary list see Petr’s talk): Installation period: Winter 2015-16 Short Shutdown ? Chris Ng will do the modifications in design drawings of the support of the Roman Pot stations: – Small design changes needed to adapt the ALFA support to the TOTEM Horiz. RPS. Affected EDMS drawings are: ATLUR___0067 Roman Pot Support (ALFA Vertical Roman Pot Station) ATLUR___0053 Roman Pot Support Base Plate (ALFA Vertical Roman Pot Station) LHCXRP__0133 Roman Pot Support Lateral Wall (TOTEM Horizontal Roman Pot Station) – Modified drawings needed for the Purchase order, which is on the critical path for AFP installation. Review of the final drawing package before PO to Vakuum Praha: – committee of experts (including ALFA expert) – in a few weeks at the latest … (early May, before Copenhagen mtg?) TREX 23APR2015 30

31. PH-DT Support PH-DT support for AFP Roman pot station (RPS)`Motorization’: – PH-DT will provide a short document describing work/costs for purchase and commissioning of motorization, controls, DCS, and infrastructure for RPS – Payment for these AFP CORE items will come from AFP account T537124 (Roman pot) ATLAS-TC and PH-DT assistance with Purchase Order for prototype Roman Pot Station to VAKUUM PRAHA. – Chris will modify the 3 RPS support drawings – we need a committee review of full drawing package before ordering (1-2 weeks?). See Table of Drawings in ATL-U-ES-0xxx_SpecsAFP-RPS. PH-DT technical/instrumentation short-term consultation assistance: – Consultation will be on an as-needed basis with technical expertise. – The final responsibility for the tests will lie with AFP (Rijssenbeek, Chris Ng, Pinfold; applied physicist R. Soluk; Technicians G. Avoni and D. Northacker). In addition, ATLAS TC may provide a full-time Technician. – Types of tests foreseen: UHV testing (Pumps, He Leak test), RF testing (RF signal instrumentation), survey and motion testing (LEICA Laser survey system, Motorization items above), Thermal loading of the Roman pot and ferrites, Cabling inside the tunnel by CERN-EN, inside cavern and USA15 by ATLAS-TC Thermal Simulations of 3D Silicon sensors and FE-I4 Frontend chip for cooling in the secondary vacuum of the Roman pot ? TREX 23APR2015 31

32. Other CERN Support TE-VSC: (Technology – Vacuum, Surfaces and Coatings) – Vacuum: Advice on placement of UHV beam pump port(s) and pumps placement(s) in AFP beam pipe local primary vacuum monitoring, interlock, … Advice on secondary vacuum pump: type, monitoring,... Advice on NEG coatings – LHC Acceptance tests: Prototype Roman pot (leak test, outgassing) Production pots and ferrites (leak test, outgassing) Ferrites: high-temperature bake-out Acceptance testing of Roman pot stations (leak test, outgassing, bake-out) In-situ bake-out TE-MPE: (Technology – Machine Protection and Electrical Integrity) – AFP Interlocks (ongoing): ATLAS TC (Siegfried Wenig) & AFP (Rijssenbeek) & TE-MPE (R. Schmidt, M. Zerlauth) are providing the AFP LHC Interlock systems. Annecy has agreed to duplicate the ALFA interlock logic board for AFP; LHC will provide the interface instrumentation. BE-BI: (Beams – Beam Instrumentation) – Beam Loss Monitors (BE-BI-BL) Acquisition, locations, installation, cabling, readout, … – Beam Position Monitors (BE-BI-QP) BPMSX: strip BPM, 80 mm aperture, 285 mm long, with DOROS Data Acquisition system for best accuracy Meeting on Wednesday 7:30 … TREX 23APR2015 32