1. Nanotechnology:Data Storage Activity and Other Topics Nanotechnology:Data Storage Activity and Other Topics Mark Tuominen Professor of Physics Science Saturday, Sept. 12, 2009: Part 2

2. First, a bit more on Self-Assembly

3. Langmuir-Blodgett Film Must control movable barrier to keep constant pressure multiple dips - multiple layers solid liquid

4. Shape Matters!

6. Tobacco Mosaic Virus wisc.edu nih.gov

7. Magnetic Data Storage A computer hard drive stores your data magnetically Disk NS direction of disk motion Write Head 0010100110__ Bits of information NS Read Head Signal current

8. Binary Representation of Data one bit1 or 0 only 2 choices two bits00, 01, 10, 11 4 choices three bits 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111 8 choices n bits has 2 n choices For example, 5 bits has 2 5 = 32 choices... more than enough to represent all the letters of the alphabet

9. Binary representation of lower case letters 5-bit "Super Scientist" code: ex: k = 01011 0 1 011 S N S N S N N S N S OR (Coding Activity: Use attractive and repulsive forces to "read" the magnetic data!)

10. Nanotechnology and Nanoscience: People from diverse fields working together to provide new solutions to problems facing society Physics Chemistry Biology Materials Science Polymer Science Electrical Engineering Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Medicine And others Electronics Materials Health Chemical Environmental Energy Food Aerospace Automotive Security Forest products

11. Nanoscale Biology: A couple examples

12. 20 m 25 nm 8 nm Up to 1 m Jenny Ross, UMass, Physics

13. Targeted Cancer Therapy

14. Cancer Therapy tumor gold nanoshells Halas group, Rice Univ. www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?article_id=218392390 targeted therapy: hyperthermic treatment www.nano.gov/html/news/SpecialPapers/Cancer

15. Another Example: Solar Energy

16. Solar Cells Konarka Benefit: Sun is an unlimited source of electronic energy.

17. Electric Solar Cells p-n junction interface cross-sectional view n-type silicon p-type silicon + - Sunlight Voltage load Current The electric power produced is proportional to the area of the solar cell - - - -- - - - + + + ++ + + + 0.5 Volt

18. Nanostructured Solar Cells + - Sunlight Voltage load Current More interface area - More power!

19. How to measure nanoscale objects? (One example: The Atomic Force Microscope)

20. (Atomic Force Microscope) "Optical Lever" Principle To determine amplification factor, use the concept of similar triangles laser pointer

21. "Optical Lever" y1y1 x1x1 y2y2 x2x2 For example, if the laser pointer is 2" long, and the wall is 17' (204") away, Motion amplified by 100 times!

22. . "Optical Lever" for Profilometry cantilever laser

23. . "Optical Lever" for Profilometry cantilever laser Long light path and a short cantilever gives large amplification

24. . Analysis: Distance Multiplier cantilever laser Long light path and a short cantilever gives large amplification d1d1 d2d2 L1L1 L2L2 pivot point The distance amplification d 2 / d 1 is proportional to L 2 / L 1

25. Atomic Force Microscope Diblock AFM image µm Copolymer tip

26. Atomic Force Microscope AFM Cantilever Chip AFM Instrument Head Laser Beam PathCantilever Deflection

27. A Message for Students Nanotechnology will change practically every part of our lives. It is a field for people who want to solve technological challenges facing societies across the world

28. NSF Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing ResearchEducationOutreach A Center on Nanomanufacturing at UMass www.umass.edu/chm (including videos on nanoscience)