1. Weather vs. Climate Weather: Determines what clothes we wear Changes over minutes, hours, days Thunderstorm, blizzard, hurricane, drought, heat wave, cold snap Climate: Determines what crops we plant; when we plant, when we harvest Changes over seasons-decades- centuries Persistent (decades long) heat-wave or drought

2. Franklin County weather: January, 2010MaximumAverageMinimumTotal Max Temperature54 °F32 °F15 °F Mean Temperature44 °F24 °F9 °F Min Temperature33 °F15 °F-5 °F Precipitation1.63 in0.09 in0.00 in2.65 in Wind30 mph5 mph0 mph Sea Level Pressure30.31 in29.90 in29.23 in July, 2010 Max Temperature99 °F85 °F71 °F Mean Temperature85 °F73 °F57 °F Min Temperature73 °F61 °F46 °F Precipitation0.78 in0.08 in0.00 in2.60 in Wind30 mph3 mph0 mph Sea Level Pressure30.21 in29.94 in29.69 in www.wunderground.com

3. 2010 Data www.wunderground.com

4. New England Climate humid continental – Large seasonal distinctions – hot summers and cold winters January: Cold Precipitation comes from large storms Noreastersform in Gulf of Mexico and move up the northeast coastlots of snow inland/rain on coast/wintry mix July: Warm Precipitation comes from thunderstorms T-storms form because the air is warm and humid; storms move from west to east. Slightly less precipitation in summer than in winter.

5. http://drought.unl.edu/whatis/climographsdomesticenglish.htm Boston, MAAlbany, NY Average temperature and precipitation based on data from 1938 to 2001

8. Red line: annual global-mean temperature record Blue lines: 8-year trend lines (1 for each 8-year period of data in the graph) http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2008/01/uncertainty-noise-and-the-art- of-model-data-comparison/

9. Red line: annual global-mean temperature record Blue lines: 15-year trend lines (1 for each 15-year period of data in the graph) http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2008/01/uncertainty-noise-and-the-art- of-model-data-comparison/

10. http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata/GLB.Ts.txt

11. 8 years of Global Temperature Anomalies plotted for three different time series http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata/GLB.Ts.txt

12. Web resources The difference between weather and climate: – http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/ctl/digging_weather.html http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/ctl/digging_weather.html – http://weathereye.kgan.com/cadet/climate/climate_vs.html http://weathereye.kgan.com/cadet/climate/climate_vs.html – http://www.gcrio.org/gwcc/booklet1.html http://www.gcrio.org/gwcc/booklet1.html Scroll down to History and Almanac for climate/weather averages http://www.wunderground.comhttp://www.wunderground.com The NEW National Climate Service http://www.climate.govhttp://www.climate.gov Retrieve plots of average weather conditions since 1895 http://www7.ncdc.noaa.gov/CDO/CDODivisionalSelect.jsp http://www7.ncdc.noaa.gov/CDO/CDODivisionalSelect.jsp Lots of data in tabular format http://www.wxresearch.com/usnorm.htm http://www.wxresearch.com/usnorm.htm Global Temperature Data http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/