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Published byMagdalene Cox Modified over 9 years ago
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Or Social Learning Or Vicarious Learning
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Learning by observing others Observational learning in every day life o Role Models o Watching a cooking show o Watching a famous athlete o Watching your peers/siblings o A baby may imitate a person sticking out their tongue shorty after birth o By 14 months, children imitate things seen on TV o Banning of cigarette commercials o Fashion Studied by social-learning theorists
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Neurons (in frontal lobe) that fire when observing other people perform certain actions Mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and empathy Remember the guy who cut his finger in the Brain Games video?
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Famous Bobo Doll experiments Result: All children modeled aggressive behavior Slightly less aggressive behavior was modeled by those who saw the model being punished
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“Pow, right in the nose” “Sockeroo, stay down”
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Attention Retention Reproduction Motivation Most effective when the model is similar to us Actions and words need to be consistent
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No! Prosocial Behaviors: positive, constructive, helpful behaviors o Gandhi and MLK Jr.: Relied on modeling nonviolent behavior Antisocial Behaviors: Negative behaviors
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By the time you are 18, you will have spent more time watching TV than in school If you live to 75, that means you will have watched 9 years of TV in your life In the 1990s, a typical 5 th grader had witnessed 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence o Didn’t include cable TV or movies Research from ‘96-7 shows that 74% of TV violence goes un punished Correlations: o In the U.S. and Canada, homicide rates doubled between 1957 and 1974 (time when TV was introduced) o Children who have heavy exposure to media violence tend to get in more fights
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Experiments show… o Violence on TV does lead to aggressive behavior Especially true when “an attractive person commits seemingly justified, realistic violence that goes unpunished” Explanation for the violence-viewing effect? o Imitation o Desensitization
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