1. Solar Cells and Integration of Nanotechnology Organic/Inorganic solar cells Silicon solar cells are most common and efficient right now. Reflection of incoming light is a big natural limitation for efficiency. Konarka Evergreen Solar, Inc. Marlboro, MA

2. Top side metallization grid Sunlight 0.5 µm n + emitter Average phosphorus~10 18 cm -3 ~100-300 µmBoron~10 16 cm -3 p base Optional p + back surface diffusion Back side metallization Typical P-N Junction Silicon Solar Cell Structure REFLECTION! Anti-reflection coating

3. Pattern Transfer by Etching (Tunable Anti- Reflective Coating) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20.6., Nov. Dec 2002 UMASS Can work as an anti- reflective coating!

4. Single Cell V out ~0.5 Volts Cut cells connected in series V out ~3 Volts Single Cell vs. Cut Cells

5. Electrical Measurements Maximum power rectangle V oc V max I max I sc Dist.IVI.V