2. Communications 3 rd Class PPO (SCC) J G Copeland Communications Instructor (G)

3. Introduction Instructor: PPO (SCC) James Copeland Ground Rules Speaking, Writing, Notes, Handouts

4. Course Outline Job 1: Basic Admin Voice Procedures Job 2: Introduction to Data Communications Job 3: Introduction to Tactical Communications Job 4: Phonetic Alphabet Job 5: Speaking & Writing Job 6: Use of a telephone Job 7: Messenger Duties Job 8: Communications History Job 9: Basic Safety Job 10: Unit Communications Equipment

5. References SCC Communications Training Manual Available online from www.sccheadquarters.com Take notes as you feel you need to, handouts will be given out for certain subjects.

6. Job 1: Basic Admin Voice Procedure

7. Job 1: Basic Admin Voice Basic Terminology Call SignTransmitter Radio Net Receiver Radio NetOperator CallEnding SignRadio Station

8. Call sign A unique ‘name’ for a person/station on a radio net. Transmitter A device that is capable of transmitting an electromagnetic signal but cannot receive them. Closing Down Ending a transmission.

9. Operator A ‘name’ for a person using a radio set to transmit/receive messages. Call A Message sent between operators can be initial or general. Ending Sign Finish transmitting messages, using the words over OR out.

10. Receiver A device able to receive electromagnetic signals but unable to broadcast. Radio Check Test strength/readability of your signal. Radio Station A place capable of transmitting/receiving or varying size.

11. Basic ProWords Admin Voice Procedure: Standard language on Radios Roger Say AgainOver Out

12. Roger Acknowledgement and total understanding of last message received. Say Again Ask to repeat message because it was not heard or misunderstood.

13. Over Acknowledgement of receipt of last message. Out Acknowledgement of receipt of last message sent no reply expected.

14. Calling another Station When calling another station you make an initial call, this is to confirm they can hear you. MF99 this is MJ99 over this is MF99 over

15. Types of Net Directed: A net where permission is required to transmit, think of it as a controlled airway. Free: An airway where no control is exercised, hence ‘free’ Engineering: Discuss equipment and set ups.

16. Sending them a Message... MF99 this is MJ99, We will be commencing Pulling training at 1200 Zulu, over What ProWord would you acknowledge it with if: i)You heard it clearly? ii)You didn’t quite make it out?

17. Now for something practical… Radio Check: Check quality and loudness of transmission 1: GF99 this is GG99, radio check, over 2: this is GF99 ______________ over 2: this is GG99, ____________ out

18. Radio Check Quality & Loudness Loudness:Quality: LoudSay as Roger Clear Good Readable Weak Distorted Very Weak With interference Fading Intermittent Grab a partner and have a go at experimenting!

19. Closing down When finished transmitting, you MUST close down! You must ask permission first, you can specify a time period. Then.... GF99 this is GG99, closing down at 1100 ZULU, OUT

20. Date/Time Groups Format: DDHHMMSS(A/Z) Mon YYYY i.e 251606Z May 2010 Set by NATO Time zones, different letters in different countries

21. DTG’s (2) 28 1545 ZSEP10 DayTimeTime ZoneMonthYear

22. Precedence's Z = FLASH NOT TO USED BY SCC O = IMMEDIATE P = PRIORITY R = ROUTINE How ‘urgent’ the message is, kind of like a 2 nd or 1 st class stamp

23. Protective Markings Top Secret = TSEC Secret = SEC Confidential = CONF Restricted = REST Unclassified = UNCLAS

24. Any Questions?

25. Job 2: Introduction to Data Communications

26. What is Data Communications? Data Communications is where the communications goes through a digital source. Some examples: Internet, fax machine, text message. Less susceptible to interference Error Detection Clarity Multiplexing

27. Data Communications block diagram PC TNC VHF TX/RX AERIAL PC – Human Interface TNC – Digital to analogue signal and reverse Tx/Rx – Converts to electromagnetic signal (Radio Wave)

28. Any Questions?

29. Job 3: Introduction to Tactical Communications

30. Flags & Masts… Union Flag Made up of what flags?

31. Union Flag... England Scotland Northern Ireland

32. Which Patron Saint belongs to which flag ENGLANDSCOTLAND NORTHERN IRELAND ST PATRICKST GEORGEST ANDREW

33. What about Wales?! WALES IS A PRINCIPALITY AND IT HAS NEVER BEEN REPRESENTED IN THE UNION FLAG BY THE FLAG OF ST.DAVID THE WELSH DRAGON FLAG OF ST.DAVID

34. Common Sea Cadet Flags... SEA CADET ENSIGN PREPARATIVECHURCH PENNANT

35. What two countries flags make up the church Pennant ? ENGLANDNETHERLANDS

36. Parts of a flag... Tac Head

37. Cantons of a Flag Upper Lower Hoist Fly

38. Red The Senior Ensign. May be worn by all British-Registered Vessels which are not entitled to wear a White or Blue Ensign. Blue Worn by vessels of other Government Departments, e.g. Royal Fleet Auxiliary, HM Customs etc., Police Launches, Royal Mail Ships and Sea Cadet Units, Ships and Boats. White Worn by HM Ships, HM Ships’ boats, RN & RM shore establishments, Trinity House Vessels (when accompanying HM Ships which are dressed overall), and vessels of the Royal Yacht Squadron.

39. The Sea Cadet Ensign Blue Ensign defaced with the Sea Cadet Badge

40. Commissioning Pennants Royal Navy Sea Cadets

41. Preparative Pennant Given as the executive command before a manoeuvre Used in the Sea Cadet Colours/Evening Colours Ceremony

42. Commodore Vice Admiral Rear Admiral Admiral Admiral of the Fleet Flag Officers’ Flags

43. Signalling Mast 1. Masthead 2. Tabernacle 2. Tabernacle 3. Yard (Two Yardarms) 4. Gaff 4. Gaff 5. Blocks 6. Pinrail 7. Belaying Pins or Cleats 8. Halyards 9. Button 10. Peak 11. Truck 10 11 (Key - Follow the Colour-Coding)

44. And now for something Practical! Carry out Signalman duties at Colours/Evening Colours Half Mast for both routines

45. Any Questions?

46. Job 4: The Phonetic Alphabet

47. The Phonetic Alphabet What is it? The Phonetic Alphabet is the alphabet, but instead of using single letters like A, B, C, we use words which begin with the letter, i.e. A = Alpha. When speaking on a radio or telephone, it stops any ambiguity.

48. A ALPHA Letter in Morse Code Letter Phonetic Flag A Letter in semaphore Key to Slides

49. A ALPHA

50. B BRAVO

51. C CHARLIE

52. D DELTA

53. Spy Test You have ONE minute to remember the four letters that you have just learnt A = B = C = D =

54. E ECHO

55. F FOXTROT

56. G GOLF

57. H HOTEL

58. Spy Test You have just spotted a stolen car and you need to report it but your partner on the other end of the radio can’t hear you properly. Work out the phonetic equivalent for the letters on the number plate FGA EHD

59. I INDIA

60. J JULIE T

61. K KILO

62. L LIMA

63. Spy Test Unscramble the following words to reveal their phonetic terms: 1.Dinai 2.Lijuet 3.Loik 4.mial

64. M MIKE

65. N NOVEMBE R

66. O OSCAR

67. P PAPA

68. Spy Test Match the flags to the letters and work out the phonetic term for each flag: M N O P

69. Q QUEBE C

70. R ROME O

71. S SIERR A

72. T TANGO

73. Spy Test You have TWO minutes to write down as many of the phonetic words you have learnt today. Share them with your partner – what did you forget?

74. U UNIFORM

75. V VICTOR

76. W WHISK Y

77. X X-RAY

78. Y YANKE E

79. Z ZULU

80. Spy Tasks Spell out the following words in phonetics BOOTS, ORLOP, BROWN, PORT STARBOARD SEA CADETS HASTINGS

81. CHARACTERMORSE CODETELEPHONYPHONIC (PRONOUNCIATION) A − AlfaAL-FAH B − BravoBRAH-VOH C − CharlieCHAR-LEE D − DeltaDELL-TAH EEchoECK-OH F − FoxtrotFOKS-TROT G − GolfGOLF H HotelHOH-TEL I IndiaIN-DEE-AH J − − − − − − JulietJEW-LEE-ETT K − KiloKEE-LOH L − LimaLEE-MAH M − −− − MikeMIKE N − NovemberNO-VEM-BER O − − −− − − OscarOSS-CAH

82. P − − PapaPAH-PAH Q − − − QuebecKEH-BECK R − RomeoROE-ME-OH S SierraSEE-AIR-RAH T − TangoTANG-GO U − UniformYOU-NEE-FORM V − VictorVIK-TAH W − WhiskeyWISS-KEY X − XrayECKS-RAY Y − − − YankeeYANG-KEY Z − ZuluZOO-LOO 1 − − − − OneWUN 2 − − − TwoTOO 3 − ThreeTREE 4 − FourFOW-ER 5 FiveFIFE 6 − SixSIX 7 − − SevenSEVEN 8 − − − EightAIT 9 − − − − NineNIN-ER 0 − − − − − ZeroZEE-RO

83. Spy Tasks Solve the following clues and spell out the word phonetically

84. ANY QUESTIONS ?

85. Job 5: Speaking & Writing

86. Speaking When speaking on the circuit there are some things that need to be considered: Do not shout down the microphone because this will over modulate the signal and make it unreadable. Speak with a slightly higher tone. Speak as slowly as the slowest operator on the net.

87. Writing Being on the net requires a lot of writing down, such as logging activities and signals. WRITE IN BLOCK CAPITALS WRITE IN BLACK INK WRITE DOWN EXACTLY AS HEARD, NO PARAPHRASING MESSAGES Listen to the short piece and write it in the style above!

88. Any Questions?

89. Job 6: Using the Telephone

90. Calling the Emergency Services 6 step Protocol.... 1.Stay Calm 2.Pick up the phone and dial 999 or 112 3.Listen carefully for the service, whom you require help from

91. Calling the Emergency Services 4. The operator will ask you where you are calling from, carefully an correctly give your number & location. 5. You will then speak to the service in question, listen carefully and give the nature of the problem. 6. When you have finished HANG UP, you may stop someone else getting through!

92. Now for something practical! Run through the Emergency Phone call procedure with your partner.

93. Answering a unit telephone Why answer in a clear and smart manner? Send out right impression Messages can be passed correctly and clearly Good Etiquette Any more you can think of?

94. Answering a unit telephone 1.Have a pen and paper ready to take any message. 2.Pick up the phone speak slowly and clearly ‘Good Evening, TS Hastings Sea Cadets, Able Cadet Bloggs Speaking. How can I help you?’

95. Answering a unit telephone 3. If they are looking for somebody, say ‘Thank you, could you hold the line please’ and then lay down pipe/find them. 4. If not available, say ‘I am sorry, xxx is not available, may I take a message?’ 5. If the caller leaves a message, write it down and read it back to them. Add time and date message taken!

96. Answering a unit telephone 6. If the caller has finished, say ‘Thank you for calling, goodbye’ and hang up. 7. Ensure the message is delivered to the person concerned.

97. You guessed it! Practice with your partner calling the unit and taking messages... Use caller message paper.

98. Any Questions?

100. Job 7: Messenger Duties

101. Messenger Duties BE SMART AND ENSURE YOUR UNIFORM IS PRESSED/CLEANED CORRECTLY 1.Approach the person whom you are taking the message from and give correct marks of respect. 2. Stand to attention whilst you are being instructed of the message. If the message is verbal repeat it back to ensure it was heard correctly. Speak slowly and carefully and EXACTLY AS YOU WERE TOLD IT do not paraphrase.

102. Messenger Duties 3. Know who the addressee is... 4. Approach the addressee, give appropriate marks of respect and say ‘Message for you Sir/Ma’am/Chief/PO’. If verbal say ‘PO Bloggins respects,... Message’ Compliments up and sideways and respects go upwards. 5. Say the message slowly, carefully and EXACTLY as you were told it, no paraphrasing. 6. Wait for a reply and return it to originator.

103. Messenger Duties 7. Even if there is no reply you must return to the originator and say ‘No reply Sir/Ma’am, Chief/PO’. SIMPLE EFFICIANT and remember to speak CLEARLY and EXACTLY AS YOU WERE TOLD IT!

104. Practical Task Send a Message from one person to another in the correct format! Remember the key points!

105. Any Questions?

106. Job 8: Communications History

107. Early forms of Naval Signalling

108. The First Recorded Naval Signal 480 B.C. Battle of Salamis

109. The First Recorded use of a Lamp for Signalling at Sea 28 September 1066

110. Y e B l a k k e o k e B o 1338 Publication of the First Written Authority on Signalling in the Royal Navy

111. 1530 Use of Gunfire ordered to signal the weighing or letting go of anchors and to warn of a ship which had “in the night fallen in leake or breaken his maste.”

112. 1714 Mr. Greenwood Edits and Publishes his “Half-Minute” Signal Book Pocket Signal Book

113. 21 Flags are all you need by Lord Howe Admiral 1776 Admiral Lord Howe Revolutionises Naval Signalling (Even Nelson was impressed!)

114. The Rev. Lord George Murray invents 1795 The Rev. Lord George Murray inventsSemaphore

115. Admiralty Edict Number 9,128,765 Stop making up your own signal codes. Use ours. By order. 1799 The Admiralty Board standardises Naval Signalling in one printed book

116. From 1799 Admiral Sir Home Popham refines the Admiralty’s Signal Code using numbers in 3- or 4- Flag hoists so that Admirals at Sea can say almost anything by Flag. In 1805Popham’s Code was used to send...

117. The World’s “Most Famous” Naval Signal BLUNT END SHARP END STARBOARD PORT PEAK (gaff) FOREMAST MAIN MAST MIZZEN MAST EXPECTS ENGLAND THAT EVERY MAN WILL DO HIS D U T Y PORT

118. 1816 Admiral Popham introduces his revised Semaphore Apparatus

119. January 6 1838 Samuel Morse Introduce s His New Telegraph Notes for January New telegraph system Monday. DON’T FORGET!

120. = 1845 Morse’s new Code begins to be adopted by the emerging U.S. railroad companies, after he proves its ability to pass messages instantly

122. Captain Columb introduces Flashing Light Signalling into the Royal Navy using Morse’s new code 1867

123. Guglielmo Marconi impresses Admiral 7 May 1896 Guglielmo Marconi impresses Admiral Jackson by sending and receiving Morse over 14 miles between Bournemouth and Jackson by sending and receiving Morse over 14 miles between Bournemouth and the Isle of Wight the Isle of Wight

124. Marconi makes the first Trans-Atlantic Radio Transmission using the Morse Code 12December1901

125. 1905. The Royal Navy finally adopts Wireless Telegraphy in order to prevent the fleet falling behind those of Britain’s potential enemies.

126. 1908. The Marconi Company replaces 1908. The Marconi Company replaces CQD with the new, easy-to-remember with the new, easy-to-remember SOS as its International Maritime Distress Call

127. Since 1905...

128. Any Questions?

129. Job 9: Basic Communications Safety

130. is the responsibility ofEVERYONE involved in Communications Ensuring that everyone is aware of their responsibilities is the duty of THE COMMUNICATIONS INSTRUCTOR Communications Safety

131. CO 2 Fire Precautions and Extinguishers Electric Shock Hazards Radiation Hazards and Burns Basic First Aid Food and Drink Communications Safety

132. 1. NEVER work inside live equipment 3. NEVER touch an aerial unless it has been disconnected 4. NEVER eat or drink near communications equipment or operate equipment with wet hands 5. ALWAYS ensure that there is a CO2 extinguisher at the entrance to the Radio Room 6. ALWAYS ensure that there is a mains cut-off switch at the entrance to the Radio Room 2. NEVER bypass fuses 7. ALWAYS ensure that there are no wires or cables trailing where someone might trip over them 8. ALWAYS ensure that aerials are connected before switching a radio on Communications Safety Rules

133. I nstruct R epeat E xamine Right from the very outset I R E Safety Training Protocol

134. DANGER OF DEATH Do Not Rig Aerials Near Overhead Power Lines

135. CAUTION Non-Ionising Radiation

137. No Smoking

138. No Food or Drink in this room

139. CAUTION ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INSIDE NO UNAUTHORISED ENTRY

147. QUIETPLEASE!! Communications Test in Progress

148. QUIETPLEASE!! Meeting in Progress

149. Any Questions?

150. Job 10: Unit Communications Equipment

152. Any Questions?