1. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 1 Chapter 6: Laptops and Portable Devices IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software v4.0

2. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 2 Chapter 6 Objectives 6.1Describe laptops and other portable devices 6.2Identify and describe the components of a laptop 6.3Compare and contrast desktop and laptop components 6.4Explain how to configure laptops 6.5Compare the different mobile phone standards 6.6Identify common preventive maintenance techniques used for laptops and portable devices 6.7Describe how to troubleshoot laptops and portable devices

3. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 3 Chapter 6 Worksheets  6.1.2Worksheet: Research Laptops, Smart Phones, and PDAs  6.2.3Worksheet: Laptop Docking Stations  6.3.4Worksheet: Laptop Expansion  6.4.1Worksheet: ACPI Standards  6.7.2Worksheet: Research Laptop Problems

4. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 4 Optional Virtual Laptop Activities  6.2.1Explore the different views of the virtual laptop  6.2.2Explore the virtual laptop keyboard  6.2.3Explore the different views of the docking station  6.4.2Replace components and devices in the virtual laptop

5. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 5 Introduction  Do you know when the first laptops were developed?  Who do you think used the early laptops?  One of the original laptops was the GRiD Compass 1101. It was used by astronauts on space missions in the early 1980s.  It weighed 11 lb (5 kg) and cost US $8,000 - $10,000!  This chapter focuses on the differences between laptops and desktops and describes the features of PDAs and Smartphones.

6. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 6 6.1 Laptops and Portable Devices  Notebooks, laptops, and tablets are types of portable computers.  For clarity and consistency in this course, all portable computers will be called "laptops.”  Today, laptops are very popular because advances in technology have resulted in laptops that cost less, weigh less, and have improved capabilities.  PDAs offer features such as games, web surfing, e- mail, instant messaging, and many other features offered by PCs.  Smartphones are cell phones with many built-in PDA capabilities.

7. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 7 Common Uses of Laptops  Taking notes in school or researching papers  Presenting information in business meetings  Accessing data away from home or the office  Playing games while traveling  Watching movies while traveling  Accessing the Internet in a public place  Sending and receiving email in a public place  Can you think of other uses for laptops?

8. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 8 Common Uses of PDAs and Smartphones  The PDA is an electronic personal organizer with tools to help organize information.  The Smartphone is a mobile phone with PDA capabilities.  Other uses of PDAs and Smartphones are to take phone calls, voice memos, taking notes, text messaging, browsing the internet, reading eBooks, playing games, internet chat, music, contacts, calendar and GPS.

9. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 9 6.2 The Components of a Laptop Common laptop features:  Small and portable  Integrated LCD display screen in lid  Integrated keyboard  AC power source or rechargeable battery  Hot-swappable drives and peripherals  Some type of docking station or port replicator to connect to peripherals  A port replicator is also a device that allows the notebook user to interface with devices like an external monitor, external keyboard, and external mouse.  The port replicator duplicates the ports that are already on the notebook like the parallel and serial ports. It may also provide a couple more ports for devices such as a joystick or MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface).  The key difference between the docking station and the port replicator is that the docking station provides 1 or 2 PCI slots for add-in card devices. The port replicator does not.

10. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 10

11. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 11 Components Outside of a Laptop  Top view of virtual laptop Standby LED Battery status LED Bluetooth status LED

12. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 12 Components Outside of a Laptop  Rear view of virtual laptop AC power connector Parallel port Battery bay

13. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 13 Components Outside of a Laptop  Left side view of virtual laptop Security keyhole USB port S-video port Headphone jack Microphone jack PC card slot Ventilation grill RJ-11 modem Ethernet port Network LEDs Digital cameras, printers, and scanners can be connected to the USB or Firewire ports.

14. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 14 Components Outside of a Laptop  Front view of virtual laptop Infrared port Speakers Latch Ventilation grill

15. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 15 Components Outside of a Laptop  Right side view of virtual laptop Optical drive Optical drive indicator VGA port Drive bay indicator Components Outside of a Laptop

16. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 16 Components Outside of a Laptop  Underside view of virtual laptop Hard drive access panel Battery latches Docking connector RAM access panel

17. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 17 Components Inside of a Laptop  Open laptop Keyboard Volume controls Power button Touchpad Pointer controller Fingerprint reader

18. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 18 Components Inside of a Laptop  LEDs inside laptop Wireless Bluetooth Caps lock Num lock Hard drive Battery Power on Standby

19. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 19 Components on a Docking Station  Top view of docking station Docking connector Power button Eject button

20. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 20 Components on a Docking Station  Rear view of docking station Exhaust fan AC power connector PC card slot Ethernet port RJ-11 port Serial port VGA port Parallel port DVI port External-diskette-drive connector Headphone connector Line In connector USB port Keyboard port Mouse port A docking station may have PCI slots for expansion cards and speakers.

21. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 21 Components on a Docking Station  Right side view of docking station Key lock

22. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 22 6.3Compare Laptop Components and Desktop Components  Desktop components tend to be standardized. They usually meet universal form factors using the AT or baby AT form factor.  Laptop manufacturers focus on refining laptop components to make them more efficient and compact; as a result, laptop components are proprietary.  You may not be able to use components made by one laptop manufacturer to repair a laptop made by another manufacturer.

23. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 23 6.3Compare Laptop Components and Desktop Components  Laptops contain PC Card or PC ExpressCard slots to add functionality such as more memory, a modem, or a network connection. These are used use to achieve similar expansion capabilities as desktops.PC ExpressCard –PC Cards come in three types: Type I cards (3.3mm thick) are mainly used to add memory, Type II cards (5mm thick) are generally used for network adapters, and Type III cards (10.5mm thick) are often used for hard drives. –ExpressCard is the next generation of the PC Card. The numbers indicate the card's width: ExpressCard/34 devices are 34mm wide; ExpressCard/54 cards are 54mm wide. Aside from being smaller than existing PC Cards, ExpressCards promise data-transfer rates that are twice as fast. That faster speed means the cards can be used for high-bandwidth interfaces, such as Gigabit Ethernet ports and HDTV tuners.

24. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 24 Compare Motherboards

25. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 25 Compare CPUs CPU throttling is used in laptops to reduce CPU power consumption and heat production.

26. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 26 Compare Power Options Laptop Power OptionsDesktop Power Options

27. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 27 Compare Expansion Capabilities

28. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 28 Compare Expansion Capabilities

29. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 29 6.4 Configure Laptops  To allow applications and processes to run smoothly: Configure and allocate system resources Install additional components and plug-ins Change environmental settings to match software requirements.  A laptop can be customized for specific purposes by adding external components.  Adding external components is usually accomplished through the use of Plug and Play, but occasionally driver installation and additional configuration may be required.  Follow safe removal procedures when disconnecting hot- swappable and non-hot-swappable devices.  Function keys change functionality such as turning on and off wireless radio or sending output to an external projection system.

30. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 30 Configure Laptop Power Settings The CPU and RAM are off. The contents of RAM have been saved to a temporary file on the hard disk. This mode is also called “Saved to Disk”. In Windows XP, this state is known as the Hibernate mode. S4 The CPU is off, but the RAM is refreshed. The system is in a lower power mode than S1. S2 The computer is off and nothing has been saved. S5 The CPU is off, and the RAM is set to a slow refresh rate. This mode is often called “Save to RAM”. In Windows XP, this state is known as the Standby mode. S3 The CPU is not running. However, the CPU and RAM are still receiving power. S1 The computer is on and the CPU is running. S0 ACPI Standards—Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

31. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 31 Checking the ACPI Settings in the BIOS Here are the steps to check the ACPI settings in the BIOS: 1.Enter BIOS setup by pressing the appropriate key or key combination while the computer is booting. Typically this is the Delete key or the F2 key, but there are several other options. 2.Locate and enter the “Power Management settings” menu item. 3.Use the appropriate keys to enable ACPI mode. 4.Save and Exit BIOS setup.

32. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 32 Power Settings in Windows XP To configure your power settings, click: Start > Control Panel > Power Options

33. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 33 Replacing Laptop Components  CAUTION: Always disconnect power and remove the battery before installing or removing laptop components that are not hot-swappable. Installing Memory Replacing a Hard Drive Replacing the CPU

34. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 34 6.5 Mobile Phone Standards Internet Standard Short Message Service (SMS) Multimedia Message Service (MMS) Packet Switching Used for text messaging Used for sending and receiving photos and videos Used for accessing the Internet Purpose

35. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 35 6.5 Mobile Phone Standards First-generation phones (1G) primarily used analog standards, including Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) and Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT). (1980s) The second generation (2G) of cell phones was marked by a switch from analog to digital standards. Second-generation cell standards included Global System for Mobile (GSM), Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). (1990s)

36. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 36 6.5 Mobile Phone Standards Third-generation standards (3G) enable cell phones to go beyond simple voice and data communications. It is now common for cell phones to send and receive text, photos, and video. It is also common for 3G cell phones to access the Internet and to use the Global Positioning System (GPS). Fourth-generation (4G) standards have been championed by many users, in response to the availability of increased data rates. Higher data rates will allow users to download files, such as video and music, faster than what was available with standards of previous generations.

37. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 37 6.6 Proper Cleaning Procedures  Follow proper cleaning procedures to clean a laptop.  CAUTION: Do not spray cleaning solution directly onto the LCD display. Use products specifically designed for cleaning LCD displays. Use a soft, lint-free cloth with an approved cleaning solution to avoid damaging laptop surfaces. Apply the cleaning solution to the lint-free cloth, not directly to the laptop. Use a lint-free cotton cloth and wipe CDs and DVDs from the center outward.  Keyboard  Ventilation  LCD display  Touch pad  Floppy drive  Optical disk drive  Use cleaning disc  CD or DVD disc

38. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 38 Optimal Operating Environments  Pack for transport  Clean properly  Ventilate  Air temperature  Humidity

39. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 39 6.7 Troubleshooting  Determine if a repair is cost-effective.  The cost of the repair should be compared to the replacement cost minus the salvage value.

40. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 40 Step 1 Gather data from the customer Step 2 Verify the obvious issues Step 3 Try quick solutions first Step 4 Gather data from the computer Step 5 Evaluate the problem and implement the solution Step 6 Close with the customer Troubleshooting Process

41. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 41 1. Gather Data from the Customer  Customer information Company name, contact name, address, phone number  Laptop information Manufacturer, model, OS, network environment, connection type  Description of problem Open-ended questions What was happening when you first experienced the problem? Closed-ended questions Is the laptop currently using the battery as the power source?

42. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 42 2. Verify the Obvious Issues Examine the most obvious causes of a problem.  Loose or improper connections Check the Device Manager; remove and reinsert components  Power issues Check power LEDs and power source  Wireless network issues Check network LEDs, Network Connections and wireless signal strength  Sound and audio issues  Stylus issues

43. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 43 3. Try Quick Solutions First A quick solution can save time and money.  Reboot the computer.  Verify BIOS settings.  Remove or unplug unnecessary peripherals.  Use the Last Known Good Configuration option.

44. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 44 4. Gather Data from the Computer Data gathered from the laptop can be used to confirm the problem description given by the customer.

45. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 45 5. Evaluate Problem & Implement Solution 1.Evaluate the information gathered from the customer and from the laptop 2.Determine possible solutions 3.Implement the best solution  Previous experience of solving problems with computers  Other technicians  Internet search engines  News groups  Manufacturer FAQs  Computer manuals  Device manuals  Online forums and chat  Technical websites

46. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 46 6. Close with the Customer  Discuss with customer the solution implemented.  Have customer verify problem is solved.  Provide all paperwork to customer.  Document steps of solution.  Document components used in repair.  Document time spent to resolve the problem.

47. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 47 Common Problems and Solutions Problem SymptomPossible Solution LCD laptop screen is not displaying anything Disconnect any external monitors and use Fn key sequence to activate the LCD Image on the LCD screen is too dim Swap laptop to AC power and adjust brightness controls for the LCD Image on the LCD screen contains a black border Adjust display resolution setting

48. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 48 Chapter 6 Summary Laptops and Portable Devices  Description of portable devices  Laptop components  Configuration procedures  Preventive maintenance techniques

49. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 49 Additional Resources  Whatis?com: IT Encyclopedia and Learning Center http://whatis.com http://whatis.com  TechTarget: The Most Targeted IT Media http://techtarget.comhttp://techtarget.com  ZDNet: Tech News, Blogs and White Papers for IT Professionals http://www.zdnet.com http://www.zdnet.com  HowStuffWorks: It's Good to Know http://computer.howstuffworks.com http://computer.howstuffworks.com  CNET.com http://www.cnet.comhttp://www.cnet.com  PC World http://www.pcworld.comhttp://www.pcworld.com  ComputerWorld http://www.computerworld.comhttp://www.computerworld.com  WIRED NEWS http://www.wired.comhttp://www.wired.com  eWEEK.com http://www.eweek.comhttp://www.eweek.com

50. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 50 Let’s see what you have learned... Q:What two features do laptops provide over desktop computers? A:mobility and size Q:Which two laptop ports are used primarily for communication and network connectivity? A:modem (RJ-11) and Ethernet (RJ-45) Q:What is the benefit of using CPU throttling in laptops? A:It reduces CPU power consumption and heat production. Q:Where can a technician change the power schemes on a laptop running Windows XP? A:Select Power Options from within the Control Panel.

51. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 51 Let’s see what you have learned... Q:Which task must be completed first to configure power management states when using Windows XP? A:ACPI power management mode must be enabled in the BIOS Q:Which laptop power state should be used to get maximum battery power conservation but allow for the quickest power on of the end-user application? A:standby Q:Which name is given to the collection of settings that control the power settings of a laptop? A:power schemes Q:Which two devices can be individually configured to power off after a laptop has been idle for a given period of time? A:hard drive and monitor

52. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 52 Let’s see what you have learned... Q:Which type of interface do current laptops use to achieve similar expansion capabilities as desktops? A:PC Express card Q:What kinds of devices are commonly hot-swappable on laptops? A:PC cards and USB devices Q:Which internal laptop component may be designed as a hot- swappable device? A:optical drive Q:A user has connected a digital projector to the external monitor port on a laptop computer, but the projector indicates that there is no RGB signal. What should the user try first to resolve the problem? A:Press the function key that will redirect the video output to the external monitor.

53. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 6 53