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Northern & Western Europe -Chapter #14- Netherlands Luxembourg
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I. The British Isles Two countries? United Kingdom (4?) Sequent occupance?
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A. The British Empire *Naval Power? *Controlled over ¼ of world The Empire on which the sun never sets. *Benefits of British colonies? *Commonwealth of Nations?
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The Emerald Isle *Independence from Brits? *Potato famine?
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B. Culture Similarities betw. Brits. & Irish? –sports? –language? –religion?
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British Govt. *Constitutional Monarchy -Parliament & Prime Minister? -Margaret Thatcher -David Cameron
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Irish Govt. Republic –President Mary McAleese (1997-2004 & 2004- present)
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london -capital, cultural & world financial center -River Thames (TEMZ)
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Dublin Meaning of Irish flag? –Green = Cath. –Orange = Prot. –White = PEACE
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C. Economic Geography of G.B. *Industrial Revolution? *Early industries? *Nationalized? *Silicon Glen?
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D. Economic Geography of Ireland *Traditionally based on farming *Modern industries?
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Issues…”the Troubles”
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The Channel Tunnel (Chunnel) 31 mi. long (23.5 mi. under sea) 1988-1994 $15 bill. 20 min. to cross
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Largest railway wagons in the world!
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II. France Language? Religion?
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A. French Society French/American Relationship? Threat of American culture?
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B. Cities Paris –Primate city?
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C. Economy Shortest work week? –“le bac” (baccalaureate) French industries? –2 nd largest ag. exporter in world
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D. Issues in France Socialism in France? –WAS highly taxed, highly regulated, govt.-owned –Hurts creativity? NOW = Economic transition to market economy (US) Anti-Muslim sentiment?
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Islam in Europe <1% (Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia) 1%-2% (Belarus, Croatia, Italy, Monaco, Ukraine) 2%-4% (Andorra, Denmark, Luxembourg, Norway, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain) 4%-5% (Germany, Greece, Lichtenstein, Switzerland, United Kingdom) 5%-10% (Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden) 10%-20% (Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Montenegro, Russia) 20%-50% (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia) 50%-90% (Albania) >90% (Kosovo, Turkey)
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E. Govt. Republic Pres. Nicolas Sarkozy
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III. The Benelux Countries BElgium-- NEtherlands --LUXembourg
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The European Union EU = organization of countries interested in increasing economic & political cooperation between its members (27 today) *eliminate trade barriers *originally = 1957: European Economic Community (EEC) *2002 = euro = common currency *largest economy in the world! (30% of world GDP)
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European Union & the Eurozone
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Land Reclamation Netherlands = low lands (27% below sea level) Polders? Worries?
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Language -Netherlands & N. Belgium = Dutch -N. Belgium = Flemish (60%) (Flanders) -S. Belgium = French (Wallonia) (Walloons)
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A. Urban & Economic Environments »BRUSSELS: »--Headquarters for EU? »--NATO: 1949 – military alliance
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Netherlands=cheese & tulips
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The Randstad (“Ring City”) –4 largest cities & urban areas (conurbation) Amsterdam, Rotterdam, the Hague, & Utrecht –Pop. = about 7.5 mill. (1/2 of Dutch pop.) Amsterdam = Cultural capital of Netherlands The Hague = seat of the govt. –Administrative Cap. –Also, seat of the International Criminal Court
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Luxembourg (small but mighty!) –3 rd highest per capita GDP in world!
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IV. Scandinavia 5 countries? Modern economies, high standard of living Lapland – Lapps/Sami
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Settlement Patterns
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Greenland & Iceland GREENLAND: -85% = icecap -Uninhabitable? -most live along S.W. coast ICELAND: -Reykjavik -geothermal energy?
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A. Economy High standards of living Sweden (capitalism & socialism) –High taxes (where does all that $$$$ go?)
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