1. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 1 Web Portals and Electronic Commerce Doing Business on the Internet

2. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 2 Objectives Learn about Web portal sites and how to customize them. Create and customize a Web calendar. Create a Web address book. Visit Web sites that conduct electronic commerce.

3. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 3 Objectives Understand the basics of electronic commerce. Learn how companies generate revenues and reduce costs using Web technologies. Understand why international, legal, and ethical concerns are important in electronic commerce.

4. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 4 Web Portals A Web portal is a doorway to the Web. Portals are starting points for Web surfers. Common characteristics: free e-mail, links to search engines, Web directories, membership services, news headlines and articles, discussion groups, chat rooms, links to virtual shopping malls, calendars, and address books. Portals earn most of their revenue by selling advertising.

5. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 5 Excite Portal Home Page links to personalization and customization features Join Now link customizable links search engine web directory

6. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 6 Yahoo! Home Page Link to My Yahoo! Personalization features search engine click Sign up link to create a new Yahoo! account click Sign In link if you already have a Yahoo! account

7. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 7 Creating Your Yahoo! ID and Password enter the ID and password that you would like to use for your account password recovery information personal information that Yahoo! Collects from users word embedded in graphic link to Yahoo! Privacy policy link to Yahoo! Privacy terms of service

8. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 8 Customizing the My Yahoo! Page Layout your Yahoo! ID appears here click here to return to the Yahoo! home page left side layout selections up arrow down arrow right side layout selections

9. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 9 Customizing My Yahoo! Front Page order of content modules now customized

10. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 10 Customizing a Web Portal Page You can customize the general layout of your page by selecting the content modules that you want to see. You can customize other Web portals, such as Excite and Lycos. You might want to make your customized page at a Web portal site your home page that opens when you start your browser.

11. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 11 Creating and Using a Web Calendar Several portal sites, including Yahoo!, have free calendar services available. Calendar Options link click these tabs to select a specific calendar view

12. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 12 Recording an Appointment in Yahoo! Calendar appointment details

13. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 13 Entering Appointments You can create “public” entries on a personal calendar so everyone can see them. Yahoo! calendar lets you set an event to “shows as busy” to indicate an appointment for which no details will be provided, or as “private,” in which case all details about the appointment (including its existence) are hidden from everyone except you. You can schedule recurring appointments. Recurring events can appear in your calendar daily or on a certain day every week, every two weeks, every month, or every year.

14. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 14 Creating a Recurring Calendar Event recurring event settings appointment details

15. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 15 Publishing a Calendar You can use a published calendar to make it easier for others in your organization to schedule meetings that affect several people. You can navigate to another person’s posted Yahoo! Calendar URL and view his or her public appointments.

16. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 16 Deleting Appointments Yahoo! Calendar lets you delete appointments easily. You can delete a single appointment, one of several recurring appointments, all appointments of a series of recurring appointments, or even clear the entire calendar entry.

17. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 17 Print a Calendar Although the primary purpose of a Yahoo! Calendar is online viewing through a browser from anywhere at any time, you can also print a copy of your calendar for a day, a week, a month, or a year. A year view does not show your appointments, therefore, it is not useful for that purpose.

18. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 18 Creating and Using a Web Address Book Customer contact information can be stored in a Web address book so that critical telephone numbers and addresses can be accessed from any location that has a Web browser. Having a Web-based address serves as a safe backup location for valuable information incase a hand-held organizer should fail. Storing valuable information in two locations provides an electronic insurance policy against loss.

19. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 19 Yahoo! Address Book Welcome Page click to add new contact

20. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 20 Deleting and Updating Address Book Information After you use your address book for a while, you will find that you want to delete contacts that you no longer use. You will also need to update information for contacts who move, change jobs, or obtain new e-mail addresses.

21. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 21 Printing an Address Book Sometimes it is handy to print all or part of your address book. You may want to share a paper copy of it with co- workers, have a backup copy for emergencies, or take it with you on a trip.

22. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 22 What is Electronic Commerce? Business processes include all the things that companies do to achieve their objectives. The terms electronic business and electronic commerce are used interchangeably to include the broadest definition: any business process, or any collection of business processes, conducted using Internet technologies. E-business and e-commerce are shorter forms of the words.

23. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 23 Electronic Commerce Classification Schemes Business-to-consumer (B2C) Participant-based Classifications Business-to-business (B2B) Business-to-government (B2G) Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) Activity-based Classifications Revenue Processes Operations Processes

24. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 24 Participant-Based Classification A participant-based electronic commerce classification scheme is based on the types of participants in the process. Participants might be businesses, consumers, or government entities. Business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce: a process undertaken by a company to sell goods or services to individuals.

25. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 25 Participant-Based Classification Business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce: a process undertaken by a company to sell goods or services to other business firms or not-for-profit organizations. Business-to-government (B2G): using Internet technologies in business processes dealing with government agencies. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C): the processes that occur when individuals who are not operating formal businesses use the Internet to conduct transactions.

26. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 26 Activity-Based Classification An activity-based electronic commerce classification scheme is organized by what the business activities are designed to accomplish. The way a company does business, the sum of its business activities and processes, is called the company’s business model. Revenue model: the business processes that a company uses to find new customers, make sales, and deliver the goods or services that it sells.

27. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 27 Activity-Based Classification Operations model: the other business processes in a company, such as purchasing, hiring, receiving, and manufacturing. Some electronic commerce activities are designed to improve a company’s revenue processes, others are designed to reduce the cost or increase the efficiency of its operations processes.

28. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 28 Competitive Advantage and Transaction Cost Reduction To stay in business, a company must have a competitive advantage. Competitive advantage: a way of generating more revenues, incurring lower costs, or performing tasks more efficiently than other companies in the same business. Transaction costs: the total of all costs that a buyer and a seller incur as they gather information and negotiate a purchase-sale transaction. Transaction costs include brokerage fees, sales commissions, and the costs of information search and acquisition.

29. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 29 Revenue Models for Electronic Commerce Businesses today take many different approaches to generating revenue on the Web:  Online catalog revenue model  Advertising and Subscription Revenue Models  Direct Fee Model

30. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 30 Online Catalog Revenue Model A company replaces or supplements its distribution of printed catalogs with a catalog on its Web site. Customers can place orders through the Web site, by telephone or by mail. Three types of companies use this model: those that sell only on the Web, those that sell through print catalogs and the Web, and those that have physical stores and also sell on the Web.

31. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 31 Online Catalog Revenue Model Dot-com or pure dot-com companies: the name give to Web-only businesses. One strategy used frequently by pure dot-com companies is the development of strategic alliances with existing companies. Strategic alliance (or strategic partnership): an arrangement in which one company performs some business processes for another company in exchange for money or the sharing of expertise or access to customers.

32. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 32 Online Catalog Revenue Model Most companies on the Web today are not pure dot- com companies, but are established companies that use the Web to extend their existing businesses. Channel conflict: the threat of losing sales from existing stores to the new online catalog. Cannibalization: when Web site’s sales replace sales that would have otherwise occurred in the company’s retail stores.

33. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 33 Advertising and Subscription Revenue Models Some businesses, like television networks, have relied on advertising as their sole source of revenue for many years. Advertising revenue pays for operations, buys programs, and generates a profit for the television networks. Other businesses derive their revenue only from subscription fees (i.e., a magazine that carries no advertising).

34. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 34 Advertising and Subscription Revenue Models It is more common for magazines to charge a subscription and also carry advertising. Mixed advertising-subscription revenue models are used by many Web sites.

35. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 35 Advertising and Subscription Revenue Models The success of Web advertising has been hampered by two major problems: 1.No consensus has emerged on how to measure and charge for advertising on the Web. 2.Very few Web sites have enough visitors to interest large advertisers. The most successful advertising on the Web is directed at very specific groups.

36. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 36 Advertising and Subscription Revenue Models Demographic information: the collection of characteristics that marketers use to group visitors. Demographic information includes such traits as address, age, gender, income, education, hobbies, political affiliation, and religion. Target marketing: delivering ads to site visitors with specific demographic characteristics.

37. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 37 Advertising and Subscription Revenue Models One way that a portal site can increase its advertising revenue is to sell target marketing opportunities to advertisers. Newspaper and magazine publishers have tried to use the advertising supported model for their sites, but few have been successful in attracting sufficient advertiser interest to operate their sites profitably.

38. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 38 Business Week Online Home Page link to print edition subscription information story available to subscribers only story available to all site visitors ads

39. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 39 Advertising and Subscription Revenue Models Web sites that offer classified advertising have been more successful than magazines and newspaper publishers in their implementations of the pure advertising-supported model. Some sites specialize in employment advertising, while others offer classified ads for autos, boats, motorcycles, houses, etc.

40. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 40 Direct Fee Revenue Model In the direct fee revenue model, businesses offer services for which they charge a fee. The fee can be based on the specific service provided or it can be based on the number or size of the transactions processed. If companies can provide the service over the Internet or give Web site visitors the information they need about the transaction on the Web site, companies can offer a high level of personal service. The cost of providing this type of personal service can be much lower on the Web than in physical store locations.

41. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 41 Direct Fee Revenue Model A wide range of services, from online games to tax- planning advice, is available on the Web today. As more households obtain broadband access to the Internet, an increasing number of companies will provide streaming video of concerts and films to paying subscribers. Web entertainment sites must charge a high enough monthly fee to cover the additional bandwidth costs and still make a profit.

42. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 42 Direct Fee Revenue Model Sties that charge fees for specific professional services are increasingly appearing on the Web:  Prepare tax returns online (H&R Block or TurboTax)  Legal services (PrePaidLegal.com)  Services of attorneys who will review your case online (Law Office Live)  Resume preparation (Resume.com)  Travel agencies  Ticket agencies  Banks and insurance brokers

43. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 43 Direct Fee Revenue Model Disintermediation: the removal of an intermediary from an industry, such as the traditional travel agencies. Reintermediation: the introduction of a new intermediary into an industry, such as the travel agency Web sites.

44. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 44 Reducing Operational Costs and Increasing Efficiency Companies can earn more money by either increasing revenue or reducing costs. The real challenge is using the Internet to reduce costs or increase efficiency. Increased efficiency makes the amount spent on a particular cost do more work.

45. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 45 History of Business Cost Reductions Using Electronic Technologies Electronic funds transfers (EFTs or wire transfers): electronic transmissions of account exchange information over private networks. Electronic data interchange (EDI): when one business transmits computer-readable data in a standard format to another business. For EDI to work, both parties to the transaction must have compatible computer systems, some kind of communications link to connect them, and must agree to follow the same set of EDI standards.

46. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 46 Traditional vs EDI implementation of Sale-Purchase Transactions invoice Traditional Sale-Purchase Transaction EDI SalePurchase Transaction buyer seller purchase order purchase order data invoice

47. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 47 History of Business Cost Reductions Using Electronic Technologies When two businesses meet the three criteria, they are called trading partners. EDI replaces the paper purchase order and invoice with electronic messages. When EDI includes payment information, it is called financial EDI.

48. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 48 History of Business Cost Reductions Using Electronic Technologies Banks settle most of their customers’ business transactions through automated clearinghouses (ACHs), which are systems created by banks or groups of banks to electronically clear their accounts with each other. Businesses called value-added networks (VANs) were created to meet the demands imposed by EDI. A VAN is a natural third party that can offer assurances and dispute-resolution services to both EDI trading partners.

49. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 49 Reducing Transaction Costs The Web can help buyers conduct their information searches more cheaply and efficiently than by making telephone calls, sending faxes or driving store to store. Some firms have started services that help buyers find products. One of these firms is PriceWatch. One of the most expensive components of purchase transactions is the provision of after-sale support.

50. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 50 Improving Operational Efficiency with Intranets and Extranets A set of Web pages or sites that is accessible only to employees of a company is called an intranet. Many companies create Web pages to provide continuously updated information to customers. When an internet is made available to users outside the company it is called an extranet.

51. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 51 Improving Operational Efficiency: Automated E-Mail Messaging E-mail messages may be used to send customers reminders and sales information. Many companies offer e-mail management services to other companies.

52. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 52 Online Auctions One of the more interesting and innovative implementations of electronic commerce is the creation of Web sites that conduct online auctions. Online auctions provide both revenue opportunities and cost-reduction opportunities for businesses. Each online auction site establishes its own bidding rules. Most auctions remain open for a few days or a week.

53. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 53 Online Auctions The advantages of conducting online auctions include a large pool of potential bidders, 24-hour access, and the ability to auction hundreds of similar items simultaneously. By the end of its second year in operation, eBay had auctioned off over $95 million worth of goods and was profitable. Both buyers and bidders benefit from the large marketplace that eBay has created.

54. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 54 Home Page of eBay search all auctions here browse categories by clicking these links

55. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 55 Online Auctions Buyers of more expensive items generally protect themselves by using a third party escrow service which holds the buyer’s payment until he or she receives and is satisfied with the purchased item. Businesses are turning to online auctions to improve the process of clearing out old and slow-moving inventory. A liquidation broker is an intermediary who matches sellers of obsolete inventory with purchasers who are looking for bargains.

56. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 56 Consumer Concerns Participants in electronic commerce have two major concerns: 1.Transaction security 2.That their privacy not be violated An assurance provider is a third party that, for a fee paid by the electronic commerce Web site, will certify that the site meets some criteria for conducting business in a secure and privacy- preserving manner.

57. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 57 Transaction Security and Privacy Many Web sites involved in electronic commerce use the SSL protocol to protect sensitive information as it travels over the Internet. Hacker or cracker: an intruder that breaks into an electronic commerce site’s computer and steals names, addresses, and credit card information. By recording a user’s clickstream, the Web server can gather extensive knowledge about that visitor. A clickstream is a record of which pages the user visited on a site.

58. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 58 Transaction Security and Privacy No general standards currently exist in the U.S. for maintaining confidentiality regarding clickstream information. Many business Web sites include statements of privacy policy directed at concerned customers, but no U.S. laws exist requiring such statements or policies. The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 makes it illegal for Web sites to collect identifiable information from children under the age of 13 without first obtaining their parents’ consent.

59. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 59 Assurance Providers Several assurance providers have started offering various kinds of certifications. Web sites can purchase these certifications and display the logo or seal of the assurance provider on the Web site for potential customers to examine. There are currently five major assurance providers: the Better Business Bureau, TRUSTe, the International Computer Security Association, VeriSign, and WebTrust.

60. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 60 Ethical Standards Companies that conduct business on the Web should try to follow the ethical standards that they would follow if they were doing business in the physical world. Although high ethical standards can be more expensive, in the long run they can help establish a company’s reputation and can increase the level of trust that customers, suppliers, and employees have in the company. When customers are active on the Web, ethical lapses can cause immediate damage to a company’s reputation.

61. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 61 International Nature of Electronic Commerce Language issues—many companies hire a translation firm to translate their existing Web pages into other languages. Translation that takes into account the culture and customs of the country is called localization. Legal issues—businesses on the Internet must adhere to the same laws that regulate the operation of all businesses.

62. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 62 Future of Electronic Commerce Many businesses, organizations and individuals are interconnected through the Internet. The Web has given the Internet an easy-to-use interface. The combination of the Web’s interface and the Internet’s extension of computer networking have opened new opportunities for electronic commerce.

63. XP New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e Tutorial 10 63 Summary Web Portals  Customized portals  Yahoo! Calendar and Address Book Companies use Web strategies to generate revenues, increase operational efficiency, and reduce costs. Electronic commerce operates in international, legal, and ethical environments.