1. Road To The American Revolution
How did Great Britain deal with its growing empire at the conclusion of the French and Indian War?
Road To The American Revolution

2. Brief Intro to the English Colonies
Breakdown of Colonies
Southern Colonies: founded by profit-motivated companies or individuals
Middle Colonies: founded by profit-motivated countries (Dutch)… most tolerant of other religious groups… made money through shipping and trade due to the nearness to water routes
New England Colonies: founded due to religious purposes...government based on Theocracy
England’s attitude toward Colonies
Early on, England passed laws to control colonies but did not enforce them… they simply ignored them = Salutary Neglect
By 1660, Charles II = said, “distance of place does not remove the colonies from our justice and power

3. Favorable balance of trade for England
Why does Charles II feel the need to exert his control over the Colonies?
MERCANTILE THEORY
Mercantilism: is an economic policy…Wealth is power, key to wealth is export more than import
European countries competed for world power and needed colonies to provide necessary raw materials.
Colonies’ role: provide raw materials (so mother country does not have to import from other nations) and markets for exports
Favorable balance of trade for England

4. What does Charles II do to exert his control over the colonies?
The Navigation Acts

5. The Navigation Acts
Colonies could only trade with England and other colonies
Had to import all their manufactured goods from England
Had to use English ships

6. English Colonies to England
Raw goods such as lumber, tobacco, rice, and indigo were sent to England… manufactured goods were sent back to colonies to sell. 1. 3.
Europe to Africa
England sends manufactured goods to Africa in exchange for slaves 2.
Africa to English Colonies
English slave ships carried Africans along the Middle Passage (Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade) to the colonies.

7. How did the Navigation Acts affect the Colonies?
Intended Affect By England
Put an end to Salutary Neglect and to force the colonist to follow the principles of Mercantilism…
The idea of providing raw materials to England and buying English manufactured goods
Actual Affect = Colonial Reaction
At first they ignored them because England did not enforce them = ?
Smuggling and Piracy became a common practice to violate the law.

8. Conflict with France over the Ohio River Valley
By 1750 the center of conflict was between England and France over Fur Trade in the Ohio River Valley

9. The French and Indian War

10. War, would the colonies be ready?
The French and Indian War What started out as a war in the colonies, quickly spread through Europe
Both England and France realized the importance of their colonies and began shipping out large #’s of troops instead of relying on colonial troops
Early Stages of War
French built Ft. Duquesne close to the French – English border
1st Attempt by England = Colonies sent George Washington to build Ft. Necessity close to the French fort to keep them from expanding their territory
French attack Washington and tell him, “if the English come back to this area, we will go to war.
Once local Indians allied themselves with the French, they attacked the colonist living in the area and war began
2nd Attempt by England = sent General Edward Braddock, ended in disaster… lost more than 2,000 troops
War, would the colonies be ready?

11. The Albany Congress 1st Attempt to Unify Colonies
America’s Renaissance Man: he was
Scientist, philosopher, US Ambassador
To France, he believed in “Social Mobility”
Through hard work by Individuals
Ben Franklin called for a meeting in Albany, NY. = Albany Congress 1754
7 colonies present
Purpose for Congress
Secure allegiance with the Iroquois Indians
Unite the colonies in a time of defense
Draft a plan for union
This plan was called the Albany Plan of Union
One Problem = How do you colonial leaders to come to the meeting?

12. WE NEED YOU TO JOIN, OR WE WILL DIE
Appeared in the Pennsylvania Gazette, Franklin’s newspaper.
Snake represents individual colonies
If they act as separate colonies, they will surely DIE
If they JOIN together, they will defend their colonies

13. Outcome of the Albany Congress
Colonies Decision
They voted = NO
Why – did not want to give up the local power of individual colonies
England’s Decision
They voted = NO
Why – feared the colonies might become too powerful if they come together

14. End of the War The Treaty of Paris 1763
Ended the French and Indian War
France gave up all land claims in North America, except for New Orleans
England got = Canada, and all land to the Mississippi River
Spain got = Louisiana

15. Problems after the War How does England deal with these issues?
Most Indians in the area (Ohio Valley) were still loyal to France
Colonists were moving into the new territory gained from the war
Since England paid for the war… they emerge with a large debt
How does England deal with these issues?

16. British Debt after the War

17. King George III faces new problems after the War
Problems facing England after War
England was in debt… they paid for the war, not the colonies
Since the French were gone, the colonies no longer needed British soldiers for protection
The French and Indian War brought the colonies together and taught them something of being soldiers
How did Great Britain deal with its growing empire at the conclusion of the French and Indian War?