1. View From Canada Regional Responses to Global Challenges Thomas Townsend Executive Head, Policy Research Initiative Conference on Regional Governance in a Global Context Charlemagne Building, Brussels, May 11-12, 2009

2. :. Regional Responses to Global Challenges. United States takes 3/4 of Canada's exports, and supplies 2/3 of Canada’s imports About €450 billion (US$550 billion) in cross-border goods and services (2008)

3. 3 Pacific North West Great PlainsGreat Lakes These Regional Links Reflect Shared Geography Atlantic Coast Quebec-NY & Northern New England

4. : :. The Economy Trade level Trade growth Trade breadth Trade dependency Culture and Values Organizations Intergovernmental Single-purpose General-purpose Civil Cities : : Strong Significant Weak East NBNSPENL Atlantica QC Quebec ON Great Lakes - Heartland ABSKMB Prairies - Great Plains BCAB West Cross-Border Regional Links

5. 5 General Purpose Intergovernmental Pacific NorthWest Economic Region (PNWER) Eastern Regional Conference Council of State Governments - Midwest Council of State Governments - West Western Governors Association NEG-ECP General Purpose Intergovernmental Montana Alberta Bilateral Advisory Council (MABAC) MOU MOU – Alberta & Idaho MOU – Ontario & New York MOU – Ontario & Michigan MOU – Manitoba & Minnesota MOU – Quebec & Vermont MOU – Quebec & New York MOU Single Purpose Intergovernmental (Environmental Focus) Gulf of Maine Council on Marine Env. Great Lakes Commission Great Lakes Fishery Commission Red River Basin Commission British Columbia / Washington Environmental Cooperation Council St. Croix International Waterway Commission International Souris River Board Single Purpose Intergovernmental (Environmental Focus) Cities and Cross-Border International Association of Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Mayors Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Cities Initiative Cascadia Mayors Council Buffalo & Niagara Toronto & Chicago Toronto & Indianapolis Quebec City & Albany Vancouver & Seattle Cities and Cross-Border Organizations Civil New England – Canada Business Council Quebec – NY Trade Corridor Initiative Council of Great Lakes Industries Pacific Corridor Enterprise Council Atlantic Salmon Federation Great Lakes Environmental Directory Discovery Institute Atlantic Institute for Market Studies Northern Great Plains Inc. Civil Cross-border Networks Single Purpose Intergovernmental (Infrastructure Focus) Calais / St. Stephen Champlain / Lacolle Port of Excellence Coutts / Sweet Grass International Mobility and Trade Corridor Single Purpose Intergovernmental (Infrastructure Focus)

6. What does this mean? Regional growth and prosperity increasingly connected to regional cross-border dynamics Key questions at the regional-level: –Are regional industries that are integrated across borders more vulnerable or more resilient to global events? –Because of the global crisis, will regional cross-border value chains and arrangements be reshaped? –How?

7. Current federal instruments and institutional arrangements geared to uniformity and consistency However, “one size may not fit all” Coherence over consistency Implications for Canada? What does this mean for Regional Governance?

8. Further information Thomas Townsend Executive Head, Policy Research Initiative T.Townsend@prs-srp.gc.ca (613) 992-8059 www.policyresearch.ca

9. View From Canada Regional Responses to Global Challenges Thomas Townsend Executive Head, Policy Research Initiative Conference on Regional Governance in a Global Context Charlemagne Building, Brussels, May 11-12, 2009