1. The Aging Process (Senescence) Instructor: Shelby Reigistad Student: Haddish Abadi

2. Introduction Aging (senescence) is a process that each person goes through. The method of aging within the human body is inevitable and there are lots of signs of aging happening within the various systems of the human body. It is a biochemical process which incorporates the complete changes happening socially, psychologically and physically. The changes cause age-related problems and disorders, a concern which everyone of us have to be cautious so that we can avoid those complexities (pintlink.net).

3. … introduction What does understanding of the aging process help? - to identify with the innumerable changes that happen in the event we age. - to work on aging gracefully and lead a cheerful, healthy and long life.

4. I. The Causes of Aging Process  Genetic and environmental factors are major causes.  Aging causes some reduction inside the rate of human cell multiplication (cellular senescence).  Cells operate inappropriately due to aging.  Immune system becomes less efficient,  Less production of infection-fighting T-lymphocyte cells,  Presbyopia: age-related changes on lens of the eye becomes less flexible (www.bbc.co.uk). ( pintilink.net)

5. II. Stages of Ageism  Aging starts from 45. ( pintilink.net)  Ageism lumps everyone over age 60; ignoring the many differences among individuals.  Old age is categorized into three based on Age as well as Health Condition, and Well-being : Berger (2010), - young-old, - the old-old, - the oldest-old

6. … Stages of Ageism a)The ‘young old’ (60-75) The largest group of older adults in the United States (about 70 %). Usually healthy, active, financially secure, and independent. Many leaders in politics business, and entertainment are young-old. www.google.com Dolly Parton 66

7. … Stages of Ageism b) The old-old (75-85)  about 20 percent of the old age;  Suffer notable losses in body, mind, or social support.  They maintain their independence, caring for other people as well as themselves. www.google.com

8. … Stages of Ageism c) The oldest-old (85 and over)  10 percent of old population.  This group is dependent, at risk for illness and injury, unable to live safely alone.  In North America: - about half of them live with a spouse or adult child; - other half live in nursing homes/hospitals. www.google.com Jimmy Carter 88

9. … Stage of Ageism  Although age is taken to classify the groupings, it is not, however, the determining factor.  Health, vigor, and financial security are also crucial.  For that reason, some of the young-old are in their 80s, and a few of the oldest-old are only 65.  The same three categories can be applied to people in every nation, although in the poorest regions of the world people tend to become oldest-old before age 80.

10. III. Health Issues A.Causes to health deterioration Deep within the cells, damage to molecules such as proteins, fats and the chemicals that make up the genetic material (DNA and RNA) accumulates as the years pass (Masoro, 2006). Cells work less efficiently; tissues and organs begin to deteriorate and are less able to repair themselves (www.bbc.co.uk)

11. …health Issues B.Aging has two parts: 1.Primary aging (changes of senescence): the universal and irreversible physical change that occurs to all living creatures as they grow older 2.Secondary aging: Due to consequences of chronic physical illnesses. (Berger, 2010).

12. … Health Issues C. How can older people Avoid Health problems? 1.Nutrition  To maintain a steady weight, they need fewer calories.  A varied and healthful diet is especially important for the mind as well as the body (see My Pyramid).  Deficits of B vitamins, (B12 and Folic Acid,) lead to impaired cognition (Berger, 2010).  Dehydration causes physical and cognitive problems, so elders should drink enough.

13. … Health Issues My pyramid  The 2007 “Food Guide Pyramid for Older Adults” is designed to accommodate the nutrition needs of elders: nutrition.tufts.edu (2007 )

14. … Health Issues 2. Exercise and Physical activity Staying Physically active and exercising regularly - help prevent or delay many diseases and disabilities; manages stress and improves mood (Berger, 2010). Exercise is an effective treatment for many chronic conditions such as arthritis, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes or difficult walking (ibid). Four Best Exercises for Older Adults The National Institute of Health (NIH) recommends four types of exercises for older adults and seniors who want to stay healthy and independent (seniorliving.about.com).

15. …Health Issues 1.Strength Exercise - builds muscles and increases metabolism -helps to keep your weight and blood sugar in check. 2.Balance Exercises - build leg muscles, and this helps to prevent falls. - helps you avoid the disabilities that could result from falling. (seniorliving.about.com). (www.google.com)

16. …Health Issues 3.Stretching exercises – gives more freedom of movement – allows to be more active during your senior years. 4.Endurance Exercises – Walking, jogging, swimming, biking, even raking leaves – that increases your hearing rate and breathing for an extended period of time. (www.google.com)

17. Conclusion Aging is a process that everyone of us passes through. Understanding this process and taking effective precautions helps us to a healthier and longer life. Eating healthy food, doing regular exercises and physical activity help us to avoid various diseases. Therefore, let’s start the journey to a healthier life right now!

18. References 1.Berger, K. S. (2010). Invitation to the Life Span. City University Press, New York. 2.Masoro, Edward J. (2006). Are age-associated disease an integral part of aging? In Edward J. Masoro & Steven N. Austad (Eds.), Handbook of the biology of aging (6th ed., pp. 43-62). Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. 3.http://nutrition.tufts.edu/documents/modifiedMyPyramid.pdf 4.http://pinitlink.net/aging-process-in-humans/ 5.http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/support/elderly/physical_changes_aging.shtml 6.http://www.google.com 7.http://seniorliving.about.com/od/exercisesfitnes1/a/4seniorexercise.htm. http://mymentor.ru/article/flashcardsbenefits.aspx