1. Certain materials are included under the Fair Use provision of U.S. copyright law and are restricted from further use.

2. The Industrial Revolution From England to America

3.  Americans felt a new sense of nationalism, a sense of patriotism and strong national identity.  In addition, with the demise of the Federalist Party (due to their opposition to the War of 1812), a new sense of national unity came about - the Era of Good Feelings; there were no major political party divisions. Conditions after the War of 1812 fostered the development of industry and contributed to the industrial revolution.

4.  Democratic-Republican War Hawks carried on Federalist policies and beliefs like tariffs, trade, a strong nation with a strong army and navy, and energetic development of the nation’s economy. Conditions after the War of 1812 fostered the development of industry.

5. Video Clips  Throughout this presentation, you will view a series of video clips. On the next page in your spiral (after the page you’ll glue this handout on), you’ll take notes on these clips.  Title the page, Video Notes: Industrial Revolution.  Write the title of each clip, then take notes in a bulleted or numbered list.  You’ll use these notes for spiral assignments and for tests/quizzes.

6. Industrial Revolution  Changes in lives were so great the era was named the “Industrial Revolution”  People left homes to work in mills  Earned wages Life Before the Industrial Revolution

7. Where did it begin?  England  Textile industry – making cloth Textile Manufacturing before the Industrial Revolution

8. Technological Developments in English textile industry  Spinning Jenny  James Hargreaves – c. 1770  Could spin 8 threads at once  Operated by 1 person  Faster production  greater amounts  cheaper products

9. © http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/011.html/Feb 25, 2004

10. © http://www.trowbridgemuseum.co.uk/tourspin ning.htm/Feb. 35, 2004 © http://www.trowbridgemuseum.co.uk/ tourspinning2.htm/Feb. 25, 2004

11.  Water Frame  Richard Arkwright  Improved Hargreaves’ ideas  Water power would now power machinery © http://www2.exnet.com/1995/10/10/science/science.html/Feb. 25, 2004

12. © http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/011.html/Feb. 25, 2004 Arkwright ’ s improvement on Hargreaves ’ invention – spinning frame

13.  Spinning Mill  Richard Arkwright  Several spinning machines in a building © http://www2.exnet.com/1995/10/10/science/science.html/Feb. 25, 2004

14.  Power Loom  Edmund Cartwright  Used water power to run looms © http://www.saburchill.com/history/chap ters/IR/012.html, Feb 25, 2004

15. © http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blwaterwheel.htm, Feb. 24, 2004 © http://www.dundasloom.com, Feb. 25, 2004

16. The Industrial Revolution comes to the U.S.  Samuel Slater  Pawtucket, Rhode Island   Rhode Island factory System © http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi384.htm, Feb. 24, 2004 The Industrial Revolution Comes to America

17. Spinning frame from Slater ’ s factory - © http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://smithsonianlegacies.si.edu/objectdescription.cfm%3FID=131, Feb. 25, 2004

18. The Rhode Island System  Slater duplicated English technology  Mills made thread  Women in homes wove thread into cloth  Whole families worked for mill

19. The Waltham-Lowell System  Francis Cabot Lowell  Waltham, Massachusetts  Launched the factory system – bringing all manufacturing steps into one place to increase efficiency – raw fiber  finished clothing or other product  “ Lowell Girls ” – advertised for local farm girls, who boarded at the factory

20. The industrial Revolution comes to New England  Geographic conditions in New England favored the development of industry  Thin, rocky soil made farming difficult and made people willing to find other forms of work  Shipping and trade (commerce) had developed early in colonial times  Cities had developed near ports, providing people for factory labor and transportation  Swiftly flowing rivers could be diverted to run water wheels for power source  People had capital to invest (banks) unlike in the South

21.  Canals connected factories to fast-flowing rivers  Water powered the machines.  Canal System Canal System  Power drives Power drives  Boot Cotton Mills Museum Weave Room Boot Cotton Mills Museum Weave Room National Park Service links -

22. Massachusetts becomes the Manufacturing Center of the North New England ’ s Industrial Revolution Factories and the Growth of Industrial Cities

23. Results of factory system  Employees no longer set own priorities, hours, conditions  Work conditions suffered – long hours for very low pay, no safety regulations

24. More results...  Women were first to protest factory conditions  Child labor  Poor conditions  Led eventually to labor unions/labor laws

25. Power sources  From “man” power  To water power  Eventually to steam power in later decades Steam Power

26. Meanwhile, in the South - Eli Whitney  1793 - Cotton Gin  Processed 50x amount of short-staple cotton than done by hand © http://www.eliwhitney.org/ew.html, Feb. 25, 2004 The Cotton Gin

27. PATENT NUMBER: 72X TITLE: Cotton Gin March 14, 1794 Eli Whitney © http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcotton_gin_patent.htm,Feb. 25, 2004 © http://www.eliwhitney.org/ew.html, Geb. 24, 2004

28. © http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/where/cotton.htm, Feb. 25, 2004 © http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/cotton _gin_patent/cotton_gin_patent.html,Feb. 24, 2004

29. © http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/ 3h1522b.html, Feb. 24, 2004

30. Effects of Cotton Gin  Southerners were able to grow short- staple cotton profitably; this variety grew inland (as far as Texas), unlike sea island cotton  Cotton Kingdom - More and more invested in growing cotton

31. More effects...  Southerners who’d been seeking a cash crop to replace tobacco found it  England’s textile mills created a demand for cotton that the South filled

32. More effects...  Demand for labor increased  demand for slaves increased.  1807-1808 – Slavery was not abolished (Constitutional Convention trade compromise)  Slave imports increase as cotton exports rise

33. Back to the Factories - Interchangeable Parts  Whitney’s most important invention  Identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to form a product  Gunsmithing – government contract for muskets The Impact of Interchangeable Parts

34. Interchangeable Parts  Repair easy – replace broken piece  Foundation for 20 th century assembly line technology  Led to mass production  lower cost for goods

35. © http://www.eliwhitney.org/arms.htm, Feb. 25, 2004

36. Effects of the Industrial Revolution  Change in lives of workers  Poor pay and working conditions  Long hours  Immigrant population  labor  Women work outside home  Urbanization (as people move to cities to work in factories) Factory Work

37. Effects…  Further polarization of American economics  North – industry, business  South – agriculture, cotton, slavery  Greater US industrial power