1. Introduction Introductions Agenda review NWPSC mission and definition of product stewardship Relevance to upcoming legislation A presentation and dialogue with the Northwest Product Stewardship Council on Product Stewardship & Electronics

2. OPEN FORUM Audience concerns and major issues with electronics What information will be helpful to get from workshop How are electronics currently handled in individual jurisdictions?

3. Toxic substances in electronics Toxicity in all phases of product life Production – mining and manufacturing Use – off-gassing of flame retardants Recycling and disassembly – potential for worker exposure and toxic releases Disposal – lead, copper, mercury, etc. TOXICITY

4. Definition and responsibilities of Dangerous Waste Generators Landfill owner or operator liability Enforcement CRTs designate as Dangerous Waste Ecologys Interim Enforcement Policy on CRTs Generators pay Federal and State Hazardous/Dangerous Waste Regulations REGULATIONS

5. Local governments may choose to regulates Small Quantity Generator and/or Household Hazardous Wastes (SQG or HHW) Examples of local regulations Disposal ban issues – need for alternative solutions Local governments and rate/tax payers pay Local Rules and Regulations REGULATIONS

6. Questions about toxicity and regulations and how they are applied Cost issues – who pays and how much? OPEN FORUM

7. The Case for Product Stewardship

8. Electronics Product Stewardship Manufactured Globally

9. No economic incentive for manufacturers to minimize environmental Impacts. Product Stewardship – The Old Edition Manufactured Globally

10. Disposed Locally GO DIRECTLY TO LANDFILL. DO NOT PASS GO. Product Stewardship – The Old Edition

11. Disposed Locally Should local governments and rate payers cover the costs of handling electronic wastes? Product Stewardship – The Old Edition

12. Linear Lifecycle The Linear Lifecycle of Consumer Goods Product Stewardship – The Old Edition

13. The New Edition

14. Create Economic Incentives Create economic incentives for manufacturers to redesign products to make them greener.

15. Closed Loop Lifecycle The Closed Loop Lifecycle of Consumer Goods

16. Japanese Model JAPANESE MODEL Mandated Responsibility Manufacturers set front-end fees for end-of-life management Retailers collect fees Fees cover orphan & historic waste Consumers return products to retailers or municipalities Manufacturers compete to lower fees Manufacturers and recyclers are financially linked

17. Old/New Editions Local governments manage product end-of-life. Rate payers and local government cover product end-of-life costs. Manufacturers responsible for product take-back. Costs of product end-of-life are included in price.

18. Old/New Editions No incentives to alter current design. Continuing toxic legacy. Incentives to redesign products to make them greener. Upstream thinking.

19. PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP DISCUSSION Discussion of product stewardship principles Financing issues – who pays Design driver opportunities

20. WHAT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS CAN DO Locally managing electronics using product stewardship principles The case against government-funded collection programs Facilitating partnerships Helping organize events or activities Education Recyclers pledges and environmental reviews of vendors End-of-life or back-end fees Green purchasing and procurement specifications

21. Discussion of program options Considerations and opportunities specific to Eastern Washington governments Leveraging existing programs and contacts in other areas OPEN FORUM

22. NEPSI dialogues 2002 California legislation & Governors veto Potential 2003 legislation in Washington NWPSC – key issues Legislations in other states NGO model legislation STATE AND NATIONAL ACTIVITIES

23. Questions about state and national activities Participant perspectives on state legislation Closing comments OPEN FORUM

24. Funding Mechanisms General Tax Base/Garbage Fees End-of-Life Fees: Advanced Fee (visible) Advanced Fee (internalized) Other Discussion Points Cost-internalization Design incentives Themes Where do funds originate? Rate payer vs. consumer Retailer vs. manufacturer What do funds cover? Collection, transportation, recycling Base level of service/collection Orphan & historic waste Where does the money go? Are manufacturers individually or collectively responsible via TPO? FINANCE ISSUES

25. RETAILER ISSUES Considerations Latecomers to dialogue Not expert on regulations Not attuned to environmental ethics and product stewardship Opportunities Consumer location of choice for recycling Front-line contact with consumers on product stewardship Clout with manufacturers Already deal with electronic waste Existing relationships with haulers, not recyclers Resistant to visible recycling fee at point-of-sale

26. Barriers Small Retailers Lack of space Lack of clout with recyclers Cant absorb dumping costs Large Retailers Marketing controlled by corporate Focus on high-volume sales Not set up to handle e-waste Not set up to handle trade-in programs Advantages Small Retailers More likely to accept trade-ins Repair/re-market used goods Localized marketing/promotions Direct commitment from owners Large Retailers Large advertising budgets Clout with manufacturers Foot traffic and in-store ads Recycling as customer service Can track recycling programs Pickup/recycling option with product delivery RETAILER ISSUES

27. Considerations Only manufacturers can provide green design, and pre-paid recycling fees. Current programs are unwieldy mail-back versions. Manufacturers like government solutions. Profit motive is preeminent. Opportunities Early involvement in product stewardship dialogue. Understand product stewardship concepts. Familiarity with regulations. Relationships with retailers and corporate customers. Todays electronics designed to be cheap & disposable Manufacturers still recommend donation as a solution. MANUFACTURER ISSUES

28. Barriers Design for the environment is not cheap. Narrow profit margins Dont want to fund legacy piles Want to keep product stewardship costs low via govt involvement. Dont want to pay for collection or transportation of e-waste Dont want to set precedents that will affect other consumer electronics. Advantages Can work with retailers on co-op advertising and promotions. Heighten positive public image. Public/private partnerships. Design for the environment to lower recycling & materials costs. Support product stewardship now to avoid future legislation. MANUFACTURER ISSUES

29. Considerations Expense has discouraged investment in e-waste recycling without ample volume. Recyclers dont necessarily promote product stewardship. Recyclers should be audited and certified. Need viable business plan to ensure profitability. Opportunities Recycler interest has peaked with new regulation and legislation. Have already participated in some e-waste pilot programs. RECYCLER ISSUES

30. Barriers Legislation/regulation not universal Speculative, risky endeavor High start-up costs Haz-waste regulation compliance High transportation costs Need to invest in new equipment as technology changes Little recycling input in design decisions made by manufacturers Disassembly schematic not easily attainable from manufacturers Advantages Growth industry driven by new regulations and legislation Pre-paid fees will guarantee revenues Potential contracts with large retailers and corporate customers Government incentives Synergy with waste hauling interests and customer bases Potential for future clout to drive electronics design decisions RECYCLER ISSUES

31. RECYCLING PROGRAMS Charitable Donation Charities Schools Senior Citizen or Low-Income Transfer Stations & Landfills Arlington Transfer Station Manufacturer Mail-Back Dell, Gateway, IBM, HP Retail Trade-In CompUSA, Staples Special Recycling Events Best Buy, Minnesota Plug Into Recycling, Tacoma/Pierce County electronics recycling events Reuse & Recycling Networks Computer Recovery Project, Take It Back Network Retail Collection RE-PC Collection Boxes at Retail Green Disk, RBRC, Verizon & AT&T

32. Hazardous chemical for disposal e.g. Pesticide, solvent, toxic metal, CRT From Business Institution LARGE QUANTITY GENERATOR = More than 220 lb./mo. or per batch (approx. 7 CRTs) Requires special disposal as Dangerous Waste Monitors conditionally exempt If legitimately recycled (Interim Policy ) From Household SMALL QUANTITY GENERATOR Less than 220 lb./mo. or per batch May be disposed in Municipal Solid Waste… …UNLESS local rules prohibit Disposal of SQGW or HHW REGULATING E-WASTE