1. Wind / PV / Diesel in Off-grid: Lessons learned Best Practices
MAYO 2015

2. Project: Galapagos Wind + Diesel description
3 x Gamesa’s Made AE59-800kW
integrated to an existing system
3 diesel gensets each aprx 600kW
2,4MW wind / 1.8 MW diesel
Commissioned october 2007
Scope for Gamesa: WTG installation, Diesel Integration ,
Grid/generation Control, Communications, Scada 2

3. Project: Galapagos Wind + Diesel achievements
Very low winds (ecuator)
penetration levels :
annual 31%, monthly up to 60% , peak up to 80%
92% availability,22GWh in 7 years
small, remote wind farm operated by Customer after warranty period
Full wind power Restrictions on :
minimum loads for diesel (20%) and
Reactive power demand on the system 3

4. Galapagos Project Scope of Supply
System Components : Generic Offgrid Project
Galapagos Project Scope of Supply
NEW EQUIPMENT:
Scope Gamesa Offgrid
Existing System
Diesel + Consumer
CONSUMER
eg. Mining/ Residential
Gen set (diesel)
WIND
SOLAR PV
+ Wind Forecast
SOLAR PV PANELS
Inverter PV
+ PV Forecast
Wind/PV/
Diesel/ Battery
GRID CONTROL
CONTROL DE
MICRORED
External equipment, Specified & purchased by Gamesa
Internal equipment Designed & Manufactured by Gamesa
STATCOM / ULTRACAPS / FLYWHEEL
Inverter
Grid Control is key to integrate
Maximum amount of Renewable
Energy into the System
Inverter
BATTERY
OPTIONAL STORAGE
(eg Battery)
GRID INTEGRATION EQUIPMENT

5. proposed best practice
Our lessons learned
proposed best practice
Plant Design is Key for success – Do incremental Steps
Involve technology supplier …Early
Start Measuring Wind …Early
Allow Curtailable Loads
Forecast (Wind+PV) is essential tool
Single contract . Ensure coordination, avoid interfaces 5

6. Plant design is key for success Do incremental Steps
Step1- Energy analysis (1h /10min data)
Scenarios installed RE (Wind / PV) power – penetration, energy curtailed,
Obtain initial Cost of Electricity, & dimensioning
Step2- Grid Stability – Dynamic Analysis
Grid integration equipment (freq/volt regulation)
Validate whole system electrical model
Events & faults simulation 6

7. Consultant and Technology Suppliers iterations save $$$ and time
Involve technology supplier(s) …early
Often too stiff specifications
 expensive to comply
Example: overspecification in Project X, requires full diesel storage battery backup ( in case of one windturbine shutdown) for residential loads
 result: unnecesary high Cost Electricity
 final result: tender declared void
15 months and money wasted
CLIENT/
OFFTAKER
TECHNOLOGY
SUPPLIER
CONSULTANT
Consultant and Technology Suppliers iterations save $$$ and time 7

8. Start measuring Wind …early
Satellite wind data
good for patterns (day, season)
but not enough for absolute values
Wind measurements required
Min 12 months - for seasonal pattern bankability
Wind often requires site measuremt.
Satellite wind data good for patterns (day, season) but often not enough for absolute values
Met mast measurements
Start early, even at lower height
Min 12 months - for seasonal pattern bankability
Afterwards few months correlation at exact site and exact hub height can be bankable
Start early, even at lower heights.
Later it is possible correlation at exact sites and exact hub height 8

9. Curtailable loads have similar effect as storage,
Allow curtailable loads
Curtailable loads help increase penetration of renewables, increase grid stability
desalination, ice making
Convert loads to non-critical
E.g. curtailable residential at discounted elec prices
curtailable loads/short term use for grid balancing
Curtailable loads have similar effect as storage,
at much cheaper cost 9

10. Forecast (Wind / PV) is essential tool
PV forecast  avoid problems with cloud passage
Wind forecast  higher average variability but smaller sudden power drops
Real time FORECAST is essential at OPERATION to minimize diesel genset starts/stops 10

11. Ensure coordination, avoid interfaces
Single contractor
Ensure coordination, avoid interfaces
Construction&Operation  coordination of several technologies: Diesel / Wind / PV / Storage/Statcoms
Avoidance several contractors fingerpointing on each contractor’s interfases
EPC
Engineering, Procurement, Construction
Wind
Solar pv
Grid Controller
Diesel integrat
Grid Stability, Statcoms
Client / Offtaker
EPC Contractor / Technology Supplier
Best result if single EPC Contractor is
technology supplier of several sub-systems 11

12. Gamesa value chain in Offgrid total Value Chain in WIND, PLUS…1
WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT
EPC
WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURING
WIND TURBINE SERVICES
7 GW
10 GW
31.9 GW
21.2 GW
Additionally, Technology Supplier on:
Solar PV Inverters
Inverters for Grid Integration
Grid Controller & Diesel Integration
EPC Contractor for Offgrid
GENERAL PRESENTATION

13. Thank you Wind / PV / Diesel in Off-grid: Lessons learned
Best Practices