1. 2007 Virginia Farm Bureau Annual Convention Development of Low Lin and other Value-Added Soy Varieties for Virginia Dr. Katy Martin Rainey Crop Genetics Group Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Department Virginia Tech 2007 Virginia Farm Bureau Annual Convention Development of Low Lin and other Value-Added Soy Varieties for Virginia Dr. Katy Martin Rainey Crop Genetics Group Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Department Virginia Tech http://cropgenetics.vt.cses.edu

2. Soybean Breeding @ VT F1F2F3F4F1F2F3F4 Regional Cooperative Tests Maturity Group 3 Maturity Group 4 Maturity Group 5 Maturity Group 6

3. Soybean Breeding @ VT Molecular Markers for DNA genotyping

4. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT TraitsTraits Value-added Soybean = Specialty SoybeanValue-added Soybean = Specialty Soybean

5. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT What are Specialty Soybeans? In the eyes of the buyerIn the eyes of the buyer Output traitsOutput traits Driven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturerDriven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturer Earn a premium over commodity priceEarn a premium over commodity price Usually short-termUsually short-term Cost more to produceCost more to produce Require alternative marketing and delivery channelsRequire alternative marketing and delivery channels What are Specialty Soybeans? In the eyes of the buyerIn the eyes of the buyer Output traitsOutput traits Driven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturerDriven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturer Earn a premium over commodity priceEarn a premium over commodity price Usually short-termUsually short-term Cost more to produceCost more to produce Require alternative marketing and delivery channelsRequire alternative marketing and delivery channels

6. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Breeding for Specialty Traits… Selecting for yield and special traitsSelecting for yield and special traits Quality traits sometimes more important than yieldQuality traits sometimes more important than yield Resource-intensiveResource-intensive Varieties have longevityVarieties have longevity Exploit a nicheExploit a niche Germplasm is notoriously low-yielding and susceptible to disease Breeding for Specialty Traits… Selecting for yield and special traitsSelecting for yield and special traits Quality traits sometimes more important than yieldQuality traits sometimes more important than yield Resource-intensiveResource-intensive Varieties have longevityVarieties have longevity Exploit a nicheExploit a niche Germplasm is notoriously low-yielding and susceptible to disease

7. Edamame Bacterial Pustule

8. Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva)Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva) Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-gradeFood-grade Bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva)Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva) Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-gradeFood-grade Bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT OutlineOutline

9. Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva)Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva) Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-gradeFood-grade Bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva)Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva) Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-gradeFood-grade Bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds trend regional concern regional niche expertise OutlineOutline

10. Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT

11. Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT

12. Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Maturity Group 3 Maturity Group 4 Maturity Group 5 Maturity Group 6 Currently no low lin varieties later than maturity group 3. Low lin oil must be below 3% linolenic fatty acid.

13. Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Objectives To develop a maturity group 4 low lin soybean variety, that is adapted to Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic region, with herbicide tolerance. To develop a maturity group 4 low lin soybean variety, that is adapted to Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic region, with herbicide tolerance. Promote healthier and more valuable soybean oil by elimination of need for hydrogenation. Promote healthier and more valuable soybean oil by elimination of need for hydrogenation.

14. Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Better Bean InitiativeBetter Bean Initiative Source: NC State and USB quality traits testSource: NC State and USB quality traits test Adapted germplasmAdapted germplasm Environmental influenceEnvironmental influence Better Bean InitiativeBetter Bean Initiative Source: NC State and USB quality traits testSource: NC State and USB quality traits test Adapted germplasmAdapted germplasm Environmental influenceEnvironmental influence

15. Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Better Bean InititativeBetter Bean Inititative Source: NC State and USB quality traits testSource: NC State and USB quality traits test Adapted germplasmAdapted germplasm Environmental influence=local adaptationEnvironmental influence=local adaptation Better Bean InititativeBetter Bean Inititative Source: NC State and USB quality traits testSource: NC State and USB quality traits test Adapted germplasmAdapted germplasm Environmental influence=local adaptationEnvironmental influence=local adaptation YearMeanARKYMDMOMOTNVA 20053.23.13.13.53.33.13.3- 20064.04.24.34.23.53.43.84.3 % Lin for Virginia Tech Variety

16. Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Local adaptation

17. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Yield Average Relative Yield 2006-VA50.5103 2005-VA46.8109 2005-KY63.0106 2003-200449.2 Ranking fourth: AR, KS, KY, MD, MO, TN, VA 2007: 105%

18. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid

19. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Purple Seed Stain ResistancePurple Seed Stain Resistance Higher protein: 44.7% dryHigher protein: 44.7% dry MG VMG V Not RRNot RR  Release for 2008 V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Purple Seed Stain ResistancePurple Seed Stain Resistance Higher protein: 44.7% dryHigher protein: 44.7% dry MG VMG V Not RRNot RR  Release for 2008

20. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Conversion to GAT herbicide tolerance with molecular markers V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Conversion to GAT herbicide tolerance with molecular markers without GAT with GAT

21. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V98-9005: 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V98-9005 Low Lin Low Saturated Mid Oleic

22. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Other Low Lin lines line 05-06 yield maturity 05-06 % linolenic RR V01-169347.9353.6yes V01-170250.3373.9yes 5601T43.5396.6 5002T49.5348.4 2007: 107%

23. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Early generation materials, non-RR, below 3% Early generation materials, non-RR, below 3% F1F2F3F4F1F2F3F4 funded by VDACS Parental varieties: Maryland NC Missouri

24. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Linolenic Soybeans Eliminate need for hydrogenationEliminate need for hydrogenation Regional adaptation for FA contentRegional adaptation for FA content Release 4% and 3.5%RR varietiesRelease 4% and 3.5%RR varieties V98-9005 GATV98-9005 GAT Germplasm for other FA traitsGermplasm for other FA traits Using Molecular MarkersUsing Molecular Markers Low Linolenic Soybeans Eliminate need for hydrogenationEliminate need for hydrogenation Regional adaptation for FA contentRegional adaptation for FA content Release 4% and 3.5%RR varietiesRelease 4% and 3.5%RR varieties V98-9005 GATV98-9005 GAT Germplasm for other FA traitsGermplasm for other FA traits Using Molecular MarkersUsing Molecular Markers

25. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans Reduce Phytate  Increase Available P  Reduce Phytase and Supplemental P in Feed  Reduce P in Manure Low Phytate Soybeans Reduce Phytate  Increase Available P  Reduce Phytase and Supplemental P in Feed  Reduce P in Manure

26. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans Reduce P in Manure Low Phytate Soybeans Reduce P in Manure Chesapeake Bay watershed

27. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans

28. Low Phytate Soybeans - Unique Source! Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Objectives Move the traits into high-yielding germplasm in a range of maturity groups. Move the traits into high-yielding germplasm in a range of maturity groups. Characterize traits for inheritance, germination, feed qualities, molecular markers, etc. Characterize traits for inheritance, germination, feed qualities, molecular markers, etc. In collaboration with the Maroof lab.

29. Data from Maroof lab, in publication Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans

30. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans Yield 2006 bu/acrank TeeJay36.83 V03-590623.0927 V03-590125.9123

31. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Low Phytate Soybeans Reduces nutrient pollutionReduces nutrient pollution Unique source of trait at VTUnique source of trait at VT Several seasons away from a high-yielding varietySeveral seasons away from a high-yielding variety Marker DevelopmentMarker Development Low Phytate Soybeans Reduces nutrient pollutionReduces nutrient pollution Unique source of trait at VTUnique source of trait at VT Several seasons away from a high-yielding varietySeveral seasons away from a high-yielding variety Marker DevelopmentMarker Development

32. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Food-grade Soybeans Small-seeded nattoSmall-seeded natto Large-seeded tofuLarge-seeded tofu Small-seeded nattoSmall-seeded natto Large-seeded tofuLarge-seeded tofu

34. Natto small-seeded soybeans Local nicheLocal niche High premiumsHigh premiums Source material within the programSource material within the program MFS-591 dominantMFS-591 dominant New traits and methods of evaluation and selectionNew traits and methods of evaluation and selection MarkersMarkers Natto small-seeded soybeans Local nicheLocal niche High premiumsHigh premiums Source material within the programSource material within the program MFS-591 dominantMFS-591 dominant New traits and methods of evaluation and selectionNew traits and methods of evaluation and selection MarkersMarkers Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT

35. Examining new traits Water absorptionWater absorption Water Loss after steamingWater Loss after steaming Rate of water uptakeRate of water uptake Seed coat crackingSeed coat cracking Examining new traits Water absorptionWater absorption Water Loss after steamingWater Loss after steaming Rate of water uptakeRate of water uptake Seed coat crackingSeed coat cracking Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Gene vs. Environment 7 locations7 locations 2 years2 years Double Crop vs. Full SeasonDouble Crop vs. Full Season Gene vs. Environment 7 locations7 locations 2 years2 years Double Crop vs. Full SeasonDouble Crop vs. Full Season

36. Large-seeded soybeans Tofu, soymilk, edamameTofu, soymilk, edamame High protein and sucroseHigh protein and sucrose Lower yieldingLower yielding Organic traits ?Organic traits ? Large-seeded soybeans Tofu, soymilk, edamameTofu, soymilk, edamame High protein and sucroseHigh protein and sucrose Lower yieldingLower yielding Organic traits ?Organic traits ? Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Objective: Find new markets for existing lines

37. Large-seeded soybeans Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT 2003 2006

38. Bioactive Compounds in Soybean Antioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicalsAntioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicals Isoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumesIsoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumes Initial data show difference between varieties in VirginiaInitial data show difference between varieties in Virginia Bioactive Compounds in Soybean Antioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicalsAntioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicals Isoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumesIsoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumes Initial data show difference between varieties in VirginiaInitial data show difference between varieties in Virginia Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT funded by VDACS Prevent chronic diseases Cancer CHD Neurological Antioxidants Membrane Lipid DNA Protein oxidative stress Protect cells O 2  -, HOO  H 2 O 2, HO  Research in collaboration with Kevin Zhou, Dept Food Science and Tech.

39. Other Objectives: Yield !!!Yield !!! RR2YieldRR2Yield Disease ResistanceDisease Resistance EarlinessEarliness Genetic DiversityGenetic Diversity Other Objectives: Yield !!!Yield !!! RR2YieldRR2Yield Disease ResistanceDisease Resistance EarlinessEarliness Genetic DiversityGenetic Diversity

40. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Summary Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-GradeFood-Grade Bioactive CompoundsBioactive Compounds Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-GradeFood-Grade Bioactive CompoundsBioactive Compounds

41. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Summary - Varieties Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-GradeFood-Grade Bioactive CompoundsBioactive Compounds Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-GradeFood-Grade Bioactive CompoundsBioactive Compounds 1-2 years 5 years out ongoing preliminary

42. Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Specialty Soybean Breeding @ VT Summary - Molecular Markers Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate could use in development Currently using for herbicide tolerance

43. STATUS of MARKER-ASSISTED SOYBEAN BREEDING Cultivars releasedCultivars released Public (4)Public (4) Industry (many)Industry (many) SSR markersSSR markers Public (common use)Public (common use) Industry (common use)Industry (common use) SNP markersSNP markers Public (initial use)Public (initial use) Industry (common use)Industry (common use) Cultivars releasedCultivars released Public (4)Public (4) Industry (many)Industry (many) SSR markersSSR markers Public (common use)Public (common use) Industry (common use)Industry (common use) SNP markersSNP markers Public (initial use)Public (initial use) Industry (common use)Industry (common use) $0.00 $0.50 $1.00 $1.50 $2.00 19931996199920022005 cost / datum CURRENT SITUATION SSR SNP SSR RFLP

46. AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements EVAREC Virginia Tech Funding Lin Barrack Glenn Buss United Soybean Board Virginia Soybean Board Mary Beahm David Cook Raymond Corbin Laura Maupin VDACS Specialty Agriculture Research Grant Jim Davis Tom Pridgen ‘Scooter’ Dunaway Dr. M.A. Saghai-Maroof and lab Dr. M.A. Saghai-Maroof and lab Bob Pitman Dr. David Holshouser Dr. David Holshouser Mark Vaughn