1. The Skeletal System

2. The Skeletal System Humans have 206 bones. We have an endoskeleton.
Endo-inside
Exo-outside

3. How do all these bones work together?
They must be connected!
Bone to bone = ligaments.
Bone to muscle = tendons.

4. True or False? TRUE! Bone is alive.
Bone is actually an organ made up of tissue.

5. What is bone? Made of tissue. Strongest part of body.
Made mainly of Calcium and Phosphorus.

6. Bone Structure
Veins
Marrow Cavity
Periosteum

7. Supports weight Protection Support & shape Contains red marrow Fat
Allows arteries and
nerves to travel into bones
Protection
Support & shape
Contains red marrow
Fat
Makes blood cells

8. Functions of Skeletal System

9. Shape and Support
Forms a framework that supports other organs and maintains body shape.
Think of what you would look like with no skeleton!
Ahhh!

10. Allows Movement
Provides an attachment for muscles, which allows for movement.

11. Protects Tissues and Organs
Example, your ribs protect many vital organs

12. Stores Materials Storage of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.
At times these reserves are used by tissue elsewhere in the body.
For example, when levels of calcium in the blood falls below a certain level, calcium is dissolved out of the bones and into the blood!

13. Produces Blood Cells
Blood cells are formed within the marrow in the bones.

14. Parts of the Skeleton Axial skeleton - skull, ribs and vertebrae.
Appendicular skeleton - all bones attached to axial; ex: arms, legs

16. What is Cartilage? strong, flexible tissue gives shape (nose)
covers the ends of some bones (prevents bones from grinding against each other)
shock absorber (in vertebrae - cartilage disks)
before birth, the skeleton is made mostly of cartilage then cartilage is hardened with calcium to make bones. This is called ossification.

17. Types of bones (by shape)

18. Flat Bones
protects and supports body organs
Ex: ribs

19. Long bones
supports weight and for movement
Ex: femur

20. Short bones
supports and small movements
Ex: phalanges

21. Irregular bones
supports and protects
Ex: vertebrae

22. Cranium
Mandible
Scapula
Clavicle
Sternum
Humerus
Rib
Vertebrae
Ulna
Pelvis
Radius
Carpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsal (ankles)
Phalanges

23. Joint- a place where two bones meet.
Types of Joints
Joint- a place where two bones meet.

24. Ball-and-Socket Joint
movement: swinging and rotating
(Ex: hips, shoulders)

25. Hinge joint
movement: bending, back and forth - strong joint, allows people to lift heavy objects
(Ex: knee, elbow)

26. Pivotal joint movement: circular, side-to-side and up and down
(Ex: head)

27. Gliding joint
movement: all directions
(Ex: wrist)

28. Fixed joint (immovable joint)
movement: none
(Ex: skull)

30. What is arthritis?
description - inflammation of the joints

31. What is a sprain?
description - injury in which ligaments around a joint have been torn or stretched
cause – stress
treatment – rest

32. What is a dislocation or fracture?
description –
dislocation - bones move out of their normal position in a joint
fracture - break
cause - stress
treatment - return to normal position and immobilize

33. cranium
vertebrae
clavicle
radius
ulna
phalanges
patella
fibula
tibia
phalanges