1. GCSE PE
The Skeletal System

2. TASK (5 mins) What are the functions of the skeleton?
Which do you think is the most important function & why?
What is a joint?
What are the different types of movement that can occur at a joint?
Name & define

3. Exercise & the skeletal system
Read & make notes on page 157

4. Signs & Symptoms Signs What you can see What you can feel
What you may hear or smell
Symptoms
What the player feels and conveys to you

5. Types of injury Fractures Joint Injuries Muscle/Soft tissue injuries
Skin damage

6. Fractures
A fracture is a broken or cracked bone. Fractures can occur from a blow, or often by severe twisting or wrenching of a joint.
Sign
The noise as it breaks
Swelling and bruising
Deformity at the point of the break
Symptoms
pain at the site of injury
Inability to move limb

7. Fractures Main types of fracture: Open Closed Compound
When the broken bone protrudes through the skin & bleeding may also be present.
Closed
When the skin over the break is not broken
Compound
When the fractured bone has also caused other injuries.

8. Joint injuries Twisted ankle joint Dislocation Torn Cartilage
Tennis & Golf elbow

9. Twisted ankle joint One of the most common injuries in sport.
Occurs when the fibres of the ligaments and/or tendons are torn loose from their attachment.
The joint is forced beyond its normal range of movement.
If in doubt treat the injury as a fracture.
Signs
Swelling and bruising
Symptoms
Pain the player may feel at site of injury

10. Dislocations
Can occur from a blow – that is a collision with an opponent or from a fall that causes one of the bones to come out of the joint.
Signs
Deformity at the joint, with the joint locked in position
Likely to be swelling
Symptoms
Severe pain at or near the joint
There may also be a fracture of one of the bones & if there is any doubt the injury should be treated as a fracture.

12. Torn Cartilage
Can occur when the femur changes direction quickly and traps cartilage that can be torn under the pressure e.g. when pivoting on one foot.
Signs
Player cannot straighten the joint
Player falls to the ground and suffer pain on the inside of the knee
Symptoms
The severe pain felt by the casualty

13. Tennis & Golf Elbow Both are tendon injuries caused by overuse
Tennis elbow
Pain on the outside
Golf elbow
Pain on the inside

14. Treatment for joint injuries & muscle/soft tissue injuries
RICE
Rest: stop playing or training
Ice: apply ice or cold pack
Will cause blood vessels and surrounding tissues to contract. This will reduce blood flow to the area.
Remove ice pack after 10/12 mins & repeat every 3 hours if necessary.
Compression: using pressure to hold ice pack on the injury
Elevation: raise the injury & keep it that way for 24 hours.
The force of gravity will help to drain excess fluid from the damaged area.