1. Articulations Bone-bone; Bone-cartilage; Bone-teeth Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial Structural Classification of Articulations

2. Functional Classification of Articulations Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis

6. Generalized Synovial Joint Articular (joint) Capsule - Inner ‘cellular’ layer (synovial membrane) - Outer ‘fibrous’ layer (dense irregular c.t.)

7. 6 Types of Synovial Joints Gliding Hinge Pivot Ellipsoidal/Condyloid Saddle Ball and Socket

8. Sternoclavicular joint Intercarpal and Intertarsal joints Elbow joint Knee joint Ankle joint Interphalangeal joints Atlantoaxial joint Proximal Radioulnar Joint (pronate/supinate)

9. Radiocarpal Joint Metacarpophalangeal Joints (2-5) Trapeziometacarpal Joint (1 st carpometacarpal) Shoulder joint Hip joint

11. Movements (actions) at Articulations

15. Structures that Stabilize Synovial Joints Ligaments Menisci Bursa Fat pads Tendons

16. Knee Joint

20. Hip Joint

22. Shoulder Joint

25. Osteoarthritis: “Wear and tear” age-related arthritis, due to use of the joint. Arthritis: Inflammation of a synovial joint, that is often painful and restricts movement at that joint. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune disease, in which the body’s defense cells attack synovial joints. Disorders of Articulations Ankylosis: Abnormal fusion of a joint, restricting normal movement.

26. Gout (Gouty Arthritis): Uric acid deposits in synovial joints and crystalizes there, causing pain and restricting movement. Bursitis: Inflammation of a bursa, causing pain when ever the associated ligament or tendon moves. Disorders of Articulations Sprain: When a ligament is stretched beyond normal, to where some collagen fibers are torn. Luxation: Dislocation, when articulating surfaces are forced out of anatomical position.