1. 9/13/2015 1 Inclusive Development Tulasi Sharan Sigdel NASC

2. Outline 9/13/2015 2  Definitions and Meaning of Development  Measures of Development  Core values of Development  Objectives of Development  Inclusive development

3. What is development?  quantity vs quality vs both?  static vs dynamic?  economic vs multi-dimensional? 13/09/2015 3

4. What is development? 9/13/2015 4  A dynamic process of desirable change: structural and behavioural/functional  Economic growth, reduction of poverty and inequality  Change for better life (Quality of life)  Enlarging people’s choices  Place specific, person specific and time specific

5. Development Debate 9/13/2015 5  Conventional thinking  Economic growth  Industrialization  Basic needs  New thinking in development  Development as freedom  Capability approach of ‘Sen’: Capability to function is what matters for status as a poor/non-poor person and it goes beyond availability of commodities  Capabilities: freedom in terms of choice to function

6. Inclusive development 9/13/2015NASC 2014 6  Social inclusion is the removal of institutional barriers and the enhancement of incentives to increase the access of diverse individuals and groups to development opportunities (WB, 2002)  Social inclusion is a means to shift the relationships between people and the institutions that shape the opportunity structure of their social, political and economic world (Unequal citizens, WB & DFID) that embody them towards greater equity.

7. Human development  Human development is defined the process of improving the quality of life of the people and enlarging the human choices.  Human development index comprises the three key components;  Income  Adult literacy  Life expectancy

8. Sen’s capabilities approach  ‘Capability to function’ is what really matters for the status as a poor or non poor people.  Sen defines capabilities as the freedom that a person in terms of the choice of functioning and capability of functioning (that reflects the various things a person may value doing and being)

9. Capability-based approach  Value in well-being. Well-being defined as a combination of different functioning or what one manages to do or be.  Capability reflects a person’s freedom and capacity to choose between different ways of living.  Pluralistic conception of progress, i.e., “Many different things are simultaneously valuable policy implication (example): deprivation and vulnerability are major concerns because they restrict capability and freedom.

10. Sen’s five distinct types of freedom  Political freedoms  Economic facilities  Social opportunities  Transparency guarantees, and  Protective security

11. Empowerment approach  Empowerment approach focuses on enhancing individual entitlements, capabilities, rights and freedoms.  One of the pillars of the human development.  Creates the conditions necessary to enable the poor to take the advantage of poverty reduction opportunities by strengthening their socio-cultural, economic and political capabilities.

12. Empowerment index  Economic empowerment  Access and control over productive resource  Access to financial resources  Access to electrification  Employment (non-farm)  Income  Political empowerment  Voter turnout in national election  Number of candidacy per seat in local election

13. Cont…  Socio-cultural empowerment  Educational attainment  Health status Infant mortality Child under nutrition Sanitation  Information communication  Participation in local organization

14. Meaning of development 9/13/2015NASC 2014 14

15. Human Development Index 9/13/2015NASC 2014 15  Life longevity  Adult literacy  Income for good life

16. Core Values of Development Sustenance: The Ability to meet basic needs - Expand people’s capabilities and opportunities to meet basic needs Self-esteem: To be a Person - Self-respect- not being used as a tool by others Freedom : freedom from poverty, illiteracy, ill health, discrimination and exploitation 16

17. Objectives of inclusive Development  To increase the availability and widen the distribution of basic life-sustaining goods  To raise levels of living  To expand the range of economic and social choices 17

18. Changing rule of game in development 9/13/2015Source: setopati.com 18 NASC 2014

19. Inclusive development: inclusion and empowerment Social Inclusion Social Inclusion : changes – at the system level – in the external institutional environment or the rules that determine distribution of assets, capabilities and voice necessary for WPE to exercise agency. Empowerment Empowerment : changes – at community level – in the internal self-perception and sense of agency of citizens’ including WPE and their access to assets, capabilities and voice. Negotiation for more inclusive & equitable development Gender and socially inclusive citizens’ rights to development

20. Inclusive Development as justice Micro/ Macro Sameness and difference Recognition and redistribution

21. Inclusive development: how? 9/13/2015 21 Inclusive development

22. Inclusive development and service delivery Issues of public service and development  Physical accessibility  Availability of human resources  Availability of material resources  Organizational capacity  Social accountability  Relevance of the utilization of services  Continuity and time of interventions  Technical quality

23. 9/13/2015NASC 2014 23 Thank you !!!