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Biology
Biology
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Photo Credit: © Quest/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
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3. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as organelles.
Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
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4. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome (attached)
Cell wall
Golgi apparatus
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
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5. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Animal Cell
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome (free)
Nuclear envelope
Cell membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome (attached)
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
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Nucleus
What is the function of the nucleus?
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Nucleus
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
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Cell City
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Nucleus
The Nucleus
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA. The DNA combines with protein to form chromatin, which is found throughout the nucleus. The small, dense region in the nucleus is the nucleolus.
Nuclear pores
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Ribosomes
What is the function of the ribosomes?
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes.
Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm.
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16. Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
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17. Endoplasmic Reticulum
There are two types of ER—rough and smooth.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
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18. Endoplasmic Reticulum
The ER functions as a manufacturing and packaging system for proteins. It works closely with the Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes.
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Golgi Apparatus
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
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Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of closely apposed membranes.
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. Notice the stacklike membranes that make up the Golgi apparatus.
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Golgi Apparatus
It is another packaging organelle like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
The Golgi apparatus gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex.
It then takes those big molecules, packages them in vesicles, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell.
It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes (cell digestion machines).
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Think Pair Share
How do the ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and Endoplasmic Reticulum work together?
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Ribosomes create molecules the cell needs, like proteins
The Endoplasmic Reticulum stores or packages up those molecules
The Golgi apparatus ships those packages out of the cell
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Vacuoles
What is the function of vacuoles?
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Vacuoles
In many plant cells there is a single, large central vacuole filled with liquid.
Stores sugar, nutrients, and water
Vacuole
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29. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of the mitochondria?
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30. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria. (Plants and Animals).
Mitochondria convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Mitochondrion
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Think Pair Share
Do you think plant cells will have mitochondria?
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Do you think plant cells will have mitochondria?
Yes! They still do.
But they also have…
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34. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of chloroplasts?
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35. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Plants and some other organisms contain chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Chloroplast
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Think Pair Share
Besides the chloroplast, what other structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
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Besides the chloroplast, what other structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
Chloroplast, Cell Wall, Central Vacuole
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Cytoskeleton
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
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Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that helps the cell to maintain its shape.
The cytoskeleton is also involved in movement.
cyto= cell
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Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Microtubule
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement. Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton that help maintain cell shape.
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
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Cytoskeleton
Centrioles are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division.
Cell Organelle Interactive
Plant and Animal Model Interactive
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7-2
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7-2
In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible as
a dense region called the nucleolus.
the nuclear envelope.
granular material called chromatin.
condensed bodies called chloroplasts.
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7-2
Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials and helping to
break down organelles.
assemble proteins.
maintain homeostasis.
make new organelles.
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7-2
Chloroplasts are found in the cells of
plants only.
plants and some other organisms.
all eukaryotes.
most prokaryotes.
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7-2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?
synthesize proteins.
modify proteins.
sort proteins.
package proteins.
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7-2
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
manufactures new cell organelles
assists in movement of some cells from one place to another
releases energy in cells
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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50. END OF SECTION