1. End Show Slide 1 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

2. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 2 of 49 Eukaryotic Cell Structures Organelles – structures within a eukaryotic cell. Translation: “Little Organs” Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: Nucleus Cytoplasm – contains the other organelles.

3. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 3 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Eukaryotic Cell Structures Plant Cell Nuclear envelope Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached) Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Vacuole Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplast

4. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 4 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Eukaryotic Cell Structures Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached) Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane Nucleus Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Centrioles Animal Cell

5. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 5 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus The nucleus is the control center of the cell. The nucleus contains the cell's DNA which is the instructions for making proteins.

6. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 6 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus The Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Chromatin

7. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 7 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Ribosomes Proteins are assembled on ribosomes during protein synthesis. Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

8. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 8 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum There are two types of ER—rough and smooth.

9. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 9 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER – uses ribosomes to make proteins, modifies them, and sends them to the golgi. Smooth ER – makes new membranes and detoxifies dangerous chemicals.

10. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 10 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Golgi Apparatus Golgi apparatus – receives, modifies, and ships vacuoles (packages). It’s the UPS of the cell.

11. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 11 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Golgi Apparatus Lysosome – a vacuole that contains digestive enzymes. It is used to break down bacteria and food taken in by the cell.

12. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 12 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Vacuoles Central Vacuole – large storage space in plant cells used for storing water. It gives the cell internal pressure. Vacuole

13. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 13 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Vacuoles The paramecium contains a contractile vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell. Contractile vacuole

14. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 14 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitochondria and Chloroplasts What is the function of the mitochondria?

15. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 15 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Mitochondrion Mitochondria Found: All Eukaryotes Function: convert food into useable energy through the process of cellular respiration.

16. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 16 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Chloroplast Chloroplasts Found: Only organisms that do photosynthesis such as plants and algae. Function: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into sugar in a process called photosynthesis.

17. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 17 of 49 Cytoskeleton Functions of the Cytoskeleton: Keeping Cell Shape Movement within the Cell The cytoskeleton is made up of: microfilaments microtubules

18. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 18 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton Ribosomes Mitochondrion Endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane Microtubule Microfilament

19. End Show 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 19 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton Centrioles help to organize the cytoskeleton during cell division. Cell Organelle Interactive Plant and Animal Model Interactive

20. End Show - or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 20 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2

21. End Show Slide 21 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible as a.a dense region called the nucleolus. b.the nuclear envelope. c.granular material called chromatin. d.condensed bodies called chloroplasts.

22. End Show Slide 22 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials and helping to a.break down organelles. b.assemble proteins. c.maintain homeostasis. d.make new organelles.

23. End Show Slide 23 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Chloroplasts are found in the cells of a.plants only. b.plants and some other organisms. c.all eukaryotes. d.most prokaryotes.

24. End Show Slide 24 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus? a.synthesize proteins. b.modify proteins. c.sort proteins. d.package proteins.

25. End Show Slide 25 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? a.manufactures new cell organelles b.assists in movement of some cells from one place to another c.releases energy in cells d.modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

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