1. Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Robert Hooke
Matthias Schleiden
Rudolf Virchow 1 2 3 4 5

2. The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summarized by saying that
all plants are made of cells.
all animals are made of cells.
plants and animals have specialized cells.
all plants and animals are made of cells. 1 2 3 4 5

3. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
Cells are the basic units of life.
All living things are made of cells.
Very few cells reproduce.
All cells are produced by existing cells. 1 2 3 4 5

4. The cell theory applies to
bacteria.
plants and animals.
multicellular organisms.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

5. Electron microscopes can reveal details
100 times larger than those visible in light microscopes.
the same size as those visible in light microscopes.
100 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes.
1000 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes. 1 2 3 4 5

6. transmission electron microscopes
Which type(s) of microscopes can produce three-dimensional images of cells?
transmission electron microscopes
scanning electron microscopes
both A and B
neither A nor B 1 2 3 4 5

7. Researchers use fluorescent labels and light microscopy to
produce movies of cells as they grow, divide, and develop.
scan cells with laser beams.
follow molecules moving through the cell.
build three-dimensional images of cells. 1 2 3 4 5

8. Prokaryotes lack cytoplasm. a cell membrane. a nucleus.
genetic material. 1 2 3 4 5

9. Which of the following contain a nucleus?
prokaryotes
bacteria
eukaryotes
organelles 1 2 3 4 5

10. Eukaryotes usually contain
a nucleus.
specialized organelles.
genetic material.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

11. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?
plants
animals
bacteria
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

12. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
stores DNA
controls most of the cell’s processes
contains the information needed to make proteins
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

13. Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?
cytoplasm
nucleolus
chromatin
DNA 1 2 3 4 5

14. Which of the following statements explains why the nucleus is important to cells?
Only eukaryotes have nuclei.
Only prokaryotes have nuclei.
The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins.
The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. 1 2 3 4 5

15. Which of the following structures is found in the cytoplasm?
nucleolus
ribosome
chromatin
cell wall 1 2 3 4 5

16. Which organelle breaks down food into molecules the cell can use?
Golgi apparatus
lysosome
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion 1 2 3 4 5

17. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
vacuole
ribosome 1 2 3 4 5

18. endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion 1 2 3 4 5

19. Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus and ribosomes 1 2 3 4 5

20. Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell?
rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell
ribosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast
smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus
mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane 1 2 3 4 5

21. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
mitochondrion
ribosome
chloroplast
smooth endoplasmic reticulum 1 2 3 4 5

22. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
helps a cell keep its shape
contains DNA
surrounds the cell
helps make proteins 1 2 3 4 5

23. Which structures carry out cell movement?
cytoplasm and ribosomes
nucleolus and nucleus
microtubules and microfilaments
chromosomes 1 2 3 4 5

24. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
helps the cell maintain its shape
helps the cell move
prevents chromosomes from separating
helps organelles within the cell move 1 2 3 4 5

25. The main function of the cell wall is to
support and protect the cell.
store DNA.
direct the activities of the cell.
help the cell move. 1 2 3 4 5

26. Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is
found in all organisms.
composed of a lipid bilayer.
a flexible barrier.
usually made of tough fibers. 1 2 3 4 5

27. You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
plants
animals
fungi
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

28. Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?
mitochondrion
cell membrane
chloroplast
channel proteins 1 2 3 4 5

29. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods
stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
keeps the cell wall in place
regulates which materials enter and leave the cell 1 2 3 4 5

30. carbohydrates lipids bilipids proteins
The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
carbohydrates
lipids
bilipids
proteins 1 2 3 4 5

31. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

32. Diffusion occurs because
molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
the concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a solution.
the concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a solution.
molecules never move or collide with each other. 1 2 3 4 5

33. When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will
move across the membrane to the outside of the cell.
stop moving across the membrane.
move across the membrane in both directions.
move across the membrane to the inside of the cell. 1 2 3 4 5

34. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
active transport 1 2 3 4 5

35. facilitated diffusion. active transport.
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
osmotic pressure.
osmosis.
facilitated diffusion.
active transport. 1 2 3 4 5

36. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
water to move into the cell.
water to move out of the cell.
solutes to move into the cell.
solutes to move out of the cell. 1 2 3 4 5

37. Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism?
multicellular
cell specialization
levels of organization
unicellular 1 2 3 4 5

38. The cells of multicellular organisms are
smaller than those of unicellular organisms.
simpler than those of unicellular organisms.
specialized to perform different tasks.
not dependent on one another. 1 2 3 4 5

39. All of the following are examples of cell specialization EXCEPT
a pancreatic cell that produces protein-digesting enzymes.
muscle cells that control movement of materials in the body
a prokaryotic cell that carries out photosynthesis.
a red blood cell that carries oxygen. 1 2 3 4 5

40. Which of the following is an example of an organ?
heart
epithelial tissue
digestive system
nerve cell 1 2 3 4 5

41. All of the following are types of tissues EXCEPT
muscle.
connective.
digestive.
nerve. 1 2 3 4 5

42. A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a(an)
organ.
organ system.
tissue.
division of labor. 1 2 3 4 5

43. Which of the following is an organ of the digestive system?
stomach
nerve tissue
muscle cell
epithelial tissue 1 2 3 4 5

44. An organ system is a group of organs that
are made up of similar cells.
are made up of similar tissues.
work together to perform a specific function.
work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism. 1 2 3 4 5

45. Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level?
cell, tissue, organ system
organ system, organ, tissue, cell
tissue, organ, organ system
cell, tissue, organ, organ system 1 2 3 4 5

46. If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a prokaryote
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

47. Figure 7–1

48. The cell represented in Figure 7–1 is a eukaryote
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

49. The assembly of ribosomes begins in a small dense structure called the chromatin. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

50. Ribosomes stud the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

51. Many membrane proteins are made by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

52. Cilia and flagella are made of protein filaments called endoplasmic reticulum. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

53. The cytoskeleton helps to move organelles within the cell
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

54. The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

55. Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and some other substances can pass through the cell wall. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

56. The nuclear envelope regulates which substances enter and leave a cell
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

57. Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in either direction across a semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentration on either side of the membrane. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

58. A red blood cell placed in pure water will shrink
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

59. There is a division of labor among the cells of multicellular organisms. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

60. Cell specialization means that the cells in an organism are uniquely suited to reproduce. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

61. A typical organ is made up of many different kinds of cells and tissues. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

62. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

63. According to the cell theory, all cells come from existing ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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64. In a eukaryote, the material between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called the ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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65. Figure 7–2

66. The material indicated in Figure 7–2 by the letter B is called the ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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67. During cell division, chromatin condenses to form _________________________, which are threadlike structures containing genetic material. 1 2 3 4 5
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68. Figure 7–3

69. The structure labeled ____________________ in Figure 7–3 consists of DNA bound to protein.1 2 3 4 5
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70. RNA and other molecules leave the nucleus through the structure labeled ____________________ in Figure 7–3. 1 2 3 4 5
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71. Eukaryotes contain specialized structures that perform important cellular functions. These structures are called ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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72. Unlike smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum has ____________________ attached to it. 1 2 3 4 5
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73. Enzymes in the _________________________ attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins.1 2 3 4 5
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74. Figure 7–1

75. The structure indicated in Figure 7–1 by the letter F is usually larger in ____________________ cells. 1 2 3 4 5
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76. The cell takes in food and water and eliminates wastes through the _________________________.1 2 3 4 5
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77. Molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. This process is called ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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78. Large molecules such as glucose that cannot cross the lipid bilayer can still move across the membrane with a concentration gradient by _________________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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79. The cells in a multicellular organism have specific jobs
The cells in a multicellular organism have specific jobs. This is called cell _________________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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80. The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are ____________________, tissues, ____________________, and organ systems. 1 2 3 4 5
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81. Based on the cell theory, can you assume that all cells reproduce
Based on the cell theory, can you assume that all cells reproduce? Why or why not? 1 2 3 4 5
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82. What does the cell theory say?1 2 3 4 5
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83. How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ?1 2 3 4 5
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84. Figure 7–3

85. Identify the structure shown in Figure 7–3 and describe its main functions.1 2 3 4 5
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86. What are two functions of the nucleus?1 2 3 4 5
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87. Figure 7–2

88. Identify each of the cell structures indicated in Figure 7–2
Identify each of the cell structures indicated in Figure 7–2. Use these terms: nucleus, mitochondrion, ribosome, cell membrane, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm. 1 2 3 4 5
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89. List two jobs of the cytoskeleton.1 2 3 4 5
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90. What advantages do cell walls provide plant cells that contact fresh water?1 2 3 4 5
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91. What would happen if the cell membrane became impermeable?1 2 3 4 5
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92. Suppose a cell were treated with a chemical that inhibits active transport. What would happen?1 2 3 4 5
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93. Define diffusion. 1 2 3 4 5
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94. Explain, in terms of osmosis, why a raisin placed in a cup of pure water overnight will puff up with water. 1 2 3 4 5
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95. What would happen to an animal cell with an internal salt concentration of 0.8% if it were placed in a salt solution with a concentration of 20%? Why? 1 2 3 4 5
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96. A hypertonic salt solution has a higher concentration of solutes than a blood cell. Explain what happens when a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic salt solution. 1 2 3 4 5
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97. List the four levels of organization in order from simplest to most complex.1 2 3 4 5
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98. Summarize three statements from the cell theory
Summarize three statements from the cell theory. Explain the significance of the cell theory to biology. 1 2 3 4 5
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99. Describe the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, and cytoplasm
Describe the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Which of these structures are you likely to find in a prokaryotic cell? Eukaryotic cell? Plant cell? Animal cell? 1 2 3 4 5
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100. Compare prokaryotes with eukaryotes
Compare prokaryotes with eukaryotes. Give an example of each type of cell. 1 2 3 4 5
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101. Distinguish between microtubules and microfilaments
Distinguish between microtubules and microfilaments. Describe two functions of each kind of structure. 1 2 3 4 5
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102. Compare and contrast the structure and function of the cell wall with that of the cell membrane.1 2 3 4 5
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103. Compare the cell membrane to a mosaic.1 2 3 4 5
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104. Describe what happens when sugar solutions with two different concentrations are placed on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane in a container. 1 2 3 4 5
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105. How do facilitated diffusion and active transport differ?1 2 3 4 5
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106. Compare a cell from a unicellular organism with a cell from a multicellular organism in terms of cell specialization. 1 2 3 4 5
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107. Discuss the levels of organization in multicellular organisms and explain why these levels are not used to describe unicellular organisms. 1 2 3 4 5
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