2. Deforestation Presented By Team Genius Ariana Woodson, Heng Zhang, Martina Gualtieri, Sandra Flores, Sergio Alvarez, and Alex Bricout

3. What Is It? Deforestation is the clearance of naturally occurring forests by logging & burning. occurs for many reasons: –fuel or as a commodity, –while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock, –plantations of commodities, and settlements. In many countries, deforestation is an ongoing issue that is causing extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of indigenous people. Among countries with a per capita GDP of at least US$4,600, net deforestation rates have ceased to increase.

4. Why This Problem? Natural resources are under increasing pressure, as Terracivians try to balance economic production, resource conservation, and sustainable development The dense forests of Terracivis have made it a significant exporter of timber provide habitat for 1,600 species of birds, including 120 endemic species, a number of which are critically endangered Industries: logging, mining and refining minerals, coal extraction, textiles, fishing, ecotourism

5. IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS Multiple benefits to environment, people and animals. -Cool air temperature. -Generation of oxygen. -Sound barrier and reduce light reflection. -Supply higher quality water with less impurity.

6. Control water level in floods. -Minimization of noise pollution. -Advances in medicine thanks to different herbs and plants. -Place for education and research.

7. Causes of Deforestation corruption of government institutions the inequitable distribution of wealth and power population growth and overpopulation urbanization Globalization is often viewed as another root cause of deforestation –cases in which the impacts of globalization have promoted localized forest recovery. In 2000 the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) found that "the role of population dynamics in a local setting may vary from decisive to negligible," and that deforestation can result from "a combination of population pressure and stagnating economic, social and technological conditions."

8. Eviromental Problems Atmospheric –Deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography. –Deforestation is a contributor to global warming, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change deforestation, mainly in tropical areas, could account for up to one-third of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Hydrological –Trees extract groundwater through their roots & release into atmosphere –When part of forest is removed trees don’t evaporate away this water and climate becomes dry –Deforestation reduces content of water in soil & groundwater as well as atmospheric moisture

9. Cont. Deforestation reduces soil cohesion –erosion, flooding & landslides ensue Forests enhance the recharge of aquifers in some locales, –forests are a major source of aquifer depletion on most locales. Soil Undisturbed forests have very low rate of soil loss, –Approx. 2 metric tons per square kilometer (6 short tons per square mile). generally increases rates of soil erosion –increasing amount of runoff & reducing protection of soil from tree litter –This can be an advantage in excessively leached tropical rain forest soils Forestry operations themselves also increase erosion through the development of roads and use of mechanized equipment

10. Economic Impact Damage to forests & other aspects of nature could halve living standards for world's poor & reduce global GDP by about 7% by 2050, – a major report concluded at the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) meeting in Bonn. Historically utilization of forest products played key role in human societies Today, developed countries continue to utilize timber for building houses, and wood pulp for paper

11. COUNTRIES WITH DEFORESTATION NIGERIA. -Worst deforestation rate. -CONSEQUENCES: loss of natural systems, extinction of animal species, soil loss and decrease in the number of trees.

12. BRAZIL. -deforestation caused by constant logging (legal or illegal), cattle ranching, etc. -decrease in the availability of renewable resources (fruits, vegetables…) -destruction of local cultures

13. CONGO. -causes are building infrastructure, local subsistence activities (mainly agriculture), in addition to commercial logging and mining. -loss of ecosystems, decrease in biodiversity, soil loss and erosion, resources loss…

14. Congo Brazil Nigeria

15. Causes of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, 2000- 2005

16. Tropical deforestation rates from 2000- 2005

17. Solutions Protect through organizations –Greenpeace –Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Sustainable logging –Balance demands and preservation –Plant 10 for every 1 –Reduce emissions

18. Solutions Cont. Controlled farming –Manage compaction through confining to narrow strips Reforestation –Restock existing forest areas –Peace Corps can get volunteers to replant –Companies involved in reforestation

19. Bibliography "A WORLD Imperiled: FORCES BEHIND FOREST LOSS." Mongabay.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jul 2010.. "What is Cites?." Discover CITES. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wold Fauna and Flora, n.d. Web. 27 Jul 2010.. Butler, Rhett A. “ Title of this page (see top of browser window for specific page). ” Mongabay.com / A Place Out of Time: Tropical Rainforests and the Perils They Face. 9 January 2006. Butler, Rhetta. "Sustainable Logging and Improved Forest Management." Reduced-Impact Logging. Mongabay.com, n.d. Web. 29 Jul 2010.. Mitchell, Deborah. "TURN DEFORESTATION INTO REFORESTATION." How To Make A Difference On Vacation. Charity Guide, 2007. Web. 26 Jul 2010.. Butler, Rhett A. “ Title of this page (see top of browser window for specific page). ” Mongabay.com / A Place Out of Time: Tropical Rainforests and the Perils They Face. 9 January 2006. Globe, Jakarta. "Sustainable logging to solve deforestation." Chatham House, 24/04/2009. Web. 29 Jul 2010.. Johnson, Toni. "Deforestation and Greenhouse-Gas Emissions." Council on Foreign Relations, 21/12/2009. Web. 26 Jul 2010.. Sheehan, Megan. "Reduced-Impact Logging." Climate Change: What We Do. Nature picture credits, 04/2009. Web. 26 Jul 2010.. Butler, Rhetta. "Deforestation charts and graphics.." Deforestation Charts - General Overview. Mongabay.com, n.d. Web. 30 Jul 2010.. Kirby, Alex. "Britons urge tighter meat imports." BBC News (2004): 1. Web. 30 Jul 2010..

20. Deforestation Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioTEO OTlEi4 If the video doesn’t work, copy and paste this to your URL. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioTEOOTlEi4