1. End of Basin issues in Mekong Basin
Issues facing those living in Tonle Sap /Delta
Bio-physical causes /origins of these problems
Who is affected?
What are their long-term development objectives?

4. Issues facing those living in Tonle Sap/Delta
Natural resource degradation
Declining fish population
Salinity intrusion and acidity
River bank erosion
Sedimentation
Imbalance water flow in dry and wet season
Water shortage in dry season
Competing demand for water
Flood and inundation
Deforestation

7. Seawater Intrusion in Mekong Delta (2/3)
Jan. 2003
Upstream Discharge into Mekong Delta is Key Factor !
Upper Limit of Maximum Salinity in 1985

8. Flood and inundation

9. Tidal effect at Delta
0.8 m above sea

10. Flood-Hazard Areas in the Lower Mekong Basin

11. Issues facing those living in Tonle Sap/Delta
Natural resource degradation
Declining fish population
Salinity intrusion and acidity
River bank erosion
Sedimentation
Imbalance water flow in dry and wet season
Water shortage in dry season
Competing demand for water
Flood and inundation
Deforestation

12. Deforestation

13. Bio-physical causes / origins of these problems
Population pressure
Development interventions
Over-fishing
Increasing water demand in sector development
Increasing use of chemicals
Change of hydrological regime
Climate change
Deforestation

14. Who is affected? All people in the sub-areas (directly and indirectly)
The ecology in the sub-area
The biodiversity in the sub-area

15. Prosperous and peaceful basin
What are the long-term development objectives of those at the end of the Basin system?
Economic growth
Poverty alleviation
Prosperous and peaceful basin
Mutual benefit and understanding, and cooperation

16. Irrigation growth
Total dry season irrigated cropped areas (ha)

17. Basin irrigation efficiencies of 90% and 70%
Indicative dry season water balance
40%
52%
13-17% of Kratie flow
On average 10,400 MCM/month in dry season
Basin irrigation efficiencies of 90% and 70%

19. Mekong Fisheries Total  2 million tonnes
Capture Fisheries  1.75 million tonnes
Aquaculture  0.25 million tonnes
Total value: $1,400 million
40 million people involved full or part-time
Non-fish products (shellfish, frogs, insects, aquatic plants)

20. Flooding 2000 flood 2002 flood and drought 800 people died
$400 million damage
2002 flood and drought
impact on food security and health

21. Key Factor of Water Utilization in Mekong Delta

22. Changes in overall paddy areas and production - 1990 to 2000
80%
60%
40%
20%
Production
Area
Rice production has increased dramatically, to provide for the growing population, meet the countries’ requirements for food sufficiency and, where possible, provide export income. This has been achieved partly by increasing areas under production, and partly by intensification, with rise in areas irrigated and increase in inputs such as fertilisers.
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