1. New Traits and Technology for Corn Insect Management Agent Update Dr. Ric Bessin Extension Entomologist

2. Southwestern Corn Borer

3. European Corn Borer

4. Overwinter SWCB Survival YearSWCB SurvivalSWCB/stalk 199910.13.64 200026.95.57 20019.73.92 20025.30.63 20034.31.13 20042.50.39 20055.30.30 Caldwell, Henderson, Davies, Hardin Counties Four fields/county

6. Planting-Date Study UK REC Princeton Kentucky –R. Bessin, D. Johnson, J. Herbek Five planting dates, Early April thru early June (every 2 weeks) A Bt corn hybrid and non-Bt isoline

8. Yield Benefit by Planting Date 7-Year Average Planting DateNon-Bt Tunneling (in) Yield, non- Bt (bu) Yield, Diff. (bu) Early – Mid April3.2189.73.2 Late April4.0198.82.7 Early –Mid May4.1182.36.2 Late May5.2160.29.2 Early – Mid June6.3112.321.1

9. Biotech Tools for Corn Pests Bt Corn –YieldGard Corn Borer (Cry1Ab) –YieldGard Rootworm (Cry3Bb1) –YieldGard Plus (Cry1Ab+Cry3Bb1) –Herculex I (Cry1F) –Herculex RW (Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1) –Herculex Xtra (Cry1F+Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1) –Agrisure CB (Cry1Ab) –Agrisure RW ? (Cry3A) –Agrisure CB/RW ?

10. Insects Controlled by Bt Corn ECBSWCBBCWFAWCRW YieldGard CB ++ -+- YieldGard RW ----++ YieldGard Plus ++ -+ Herculex 1 ++ - Herculex RW ----++ Herculex Xtra ++

11. Traditional Corn Seed Treatments ‘Hopperbox’ Agrox Premiere Germate Plus Grain Guard Plus Kernel Guard Kernel Guard Supreme KickStart Lorsban SL

12. Hopperbox Treatments Permethrin, lindane, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid Cheapest treatments available Recommended when no soil insecticides used Effective against seedcorn maggot and wireworms (low populations) High exposure potential

13. True Seed Treatments Seed Treatments (Ordered with seed) –Imidacloprid Gaucho extra(0.6 mg/kernel) Prescribe(1.34 mg/kernel) –Thiamethoxam Cruiser Extreme Pak(0.25 mg/ker) Cruiser Extreme Pak CRW(1.25 mg/kernel) –Clothianidin Poncho 250(0.25 mg/kernel) Poncho 1250(1.25 mg/kernel)

14. Immediate Plant Back 30-Day Plant Back 120-Day Plant Back 12 Month Plant Back

15. Insects Controlled WWWGFBSCMBCWCRW Gaucho++++ -- Prescribe ++ -+ Cruiser Ex Pak+++ +- Cruiser EP CRW ++ + Poncho 250+++ +- Poncho 1250 ++

16. Common Wireworm species identified from corn fields in KY 2004-2005. Aeolus mellillus Conoderus lividus Melanotus depressus Melanotus communis-dietrichi

18. Herculex RW Received full EPA registration in 2005 Cry34Ab1 + Cry35Ab1 Controls Western and Northern corn rootworms European and Japanese approval pending Limited marketing for 2006

19. BT RW IRM Requirements RequirementYieldGard RWHerculex RW Minimum size of refuge 20 % of corn acreage Arrangement Same or adjacent field Minimum size of refuge strips 6 rows or more4 rows or more Rotational history Refuge same as BT RW field Refuge –Continuous BT RW – Continuous or 1 st year Larvacide?Yes in refuge

20. Herculex Xtra Received full EPA registration Oct 31, 2005 Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 + Cry1F Controls rootworms, corn borers, cutworms, fall armyworm Japanese approval pending Limited marketing for 2006

21. Making the Control Decision Rotation information –Corn after corn ? After pasture ? Planting Date –Very early - wireworms –Very late – corn borers Likelihood of Problems –Past problems ? Cost –Is rotation more cost effective? Equipment

22. Soybean Aphid Status Seed Treatments on Soybeans Agent Update Dr. Doug Johnson Extension Entomologist

23. Updates on Soybean aphid can be found at the KY-IPM home page. Just click on the Soybean aphid icon http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/IPM/ipm.htm

24. Soybean Aphid Status 2005 Present but virtually unseen in KY Significant populations limited to northern portions of the mid-west Some populations over shadowed by outbreak of spider mites. Presence of the “White dwarf” aphid

25. Soybean Aphid Status Sampling MN speed sampling method tends to over estimate the need to spray. Will incorporate 05 data in to procedure Not useful for a repeat spray

26. Soybean Aphid Status Decision 250 aphids per plant, More than 80% plants infested, With an INCREASING population, V through R5 (beginning seed set) stages. Provides 7 day lead time

27. Yield Loss Factors Flowering stages most sensitive Loss through seed abscission Some recuperation through increase in seed size

28. “White Dwarf” Soybean aphid Cast Skins

29. Insecticide Seed Treatments for Soybean

30. Trials at UK-REC Princeton Three years of trials 2003-05 Included seed treatments, foliar applications and combinations. Focus on insecticides but some treatments also contained fungicides. All seed treatments applied by professional seedtreaters.

31. Seed Treatment Test Results In NO trial did any treatment ever yield differently from the untreated check. In all cases insect populations were minimal. In no year was movement of plant virus important.

32. Recommendations? This does NOT indicate that seed treatments do not work. This DOES indicate that seed treatments were not needed. Recommendations remain the same.

33. Recommendations Use seed treatments in High risk areas. –Early planting, cool \ damp ground –History of significant soil pests Select the seed treatment which fits the situational risk e.g. –Seed corn maggot & seed corn beetle –Wireworm history

34. Seed Treatments in relation to Soybean Aphid Will provide some control but are not holding up economically in NC states. Are unlikely to be the main method of control if problem develops in KY because the populations will develop too late in the season.