1. Cell Biology Organelles

3. Cell/Plasma Membrane

4. Cell(Plasma) Membrane (1)  Phospholipid bilayer  Means that it has two layers  Phospho = phophate  Hydrophilic or “water loving” portion  Lipid = “fat”  Hydrophobic or “water fearing”

7. Nucleus Cell/Plasma Membrane

8. Nucleus (2)  Enclosed by a double membrane  Contains the DNA  DNA is the same in EVERY cell

9. Nucleus Nucleolus Cell/Plasma Membrane

10. Nucleolus (3)  Found within the nucleus  It is NOT membrane bound  Makes ribosomes that are then sent out of the nucleus

11. Biology is Cool!!!!

12. Nucleus Nucleolus Cell/Plasma Membrane Mitochondria

13. Mitochondria (4)  Singular is “mitochondrion”  They are the powerhouse of the cell  About the size of a bacterium

14. Mitochondria (4)  Also has two membranes  Outer membrane is smooth  Inner membrane is highly folded  Called cristae  Increase surface area  Where cellular respiration takes place Cellular Respiration:  Glucose + O 2 ( Oxygen )  ATP (energy) + CO 2 + H 2 O

15. Nucleus Nucleolus Cell/Plasma Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

16. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (7)  Appears to be “studded” or “pebbled” by ribosomes that are attached to the ER  Ribosomes make proteins  Proteins are synthesized and sent to the ER for transport throughout the cell

17. Nucleus Nucleolus Cell/Plasma Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

18. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)(8)  Various functions:  Breakdown of lipid-soluble “fatty” toxins  Release of calcium in muscle cells

19. Nucleus Nucleolus Cell/Plasma Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

20. Biology is Cool!!!!

21. Golgi Bodies (9)  Stacks of membrane-bound vesicles  Responsible for packaging molecules  Transport for elsewhere in cell and out of the cell

22. Nucleus Nucleolus Cell/Plasma Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Centrosomes

23. Centrosomes (5)  Makes microtubules  Divide during cell division and form the spindle necessary for cell division

24. Nucleus Nucleolus Cell/Plasma Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Centrosomes

25. Other organelles: Lysosomes  Contains enzymes that break down material  White blood cells use it to kill and digest bacteria  May also serve to kill itself if the cell becomes damaged

26. Other organelles: Vacuoles  Very small in animal cells  Rather large in plant cells  Store nutrients  Increase cell size during growth  Plant cells can also use it to store water to increase rigidity

27. Other Organelles: Chloroplasts  NOT found in animal cells  Where photosynthesis takes place  Contain chlorophyll  Make plants green

28. Other Organelles: Cell Wall  Made of cellulose  Cellulose can’t be digested by humans  Helps maintain plants rigid

29. Cytoplasm(6)  Thick, gel-like substance that fills the cell  Surrounds all the organelles

30. Nucleus Nucleolus Cell/Plasma Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Centrosomes

31. Biology is Cool!!!!

32. Who am I?  I make energy for the cell.  I appear to have “studs” because there are ribosomes attached to my outer membrane  I break down materials and white blood cells use me to kill and digest bacteria.  I contain chlorophyll and am green.  I store nutrients, water, and sometimes even waste products for cells. (Although not all at the same time)

33. BONUS  What is a phospholipid and where can you find it?  Where does cellular respiration take place?  What are the reactants (what goes in) in cellular respiration?  What are the products of cellular respiration?