1. Anusorn Cherdthong, PhD 137748 Applied Biochemistry in Nutritional Science Email: anusornc@kku.ac.th E-learning: http://ags.kku.ac.th/eLearning/137748 Metabolic Disorders in Animal Nutrition

2. Introduction Mammary gland structure

3. Milk composition  85% water  Lactose  Vitamin  Minerals  Protein: casein, whey protein  Fat

4. Milk composition (%) AnimalWaterFatProteinLactose Cow87.73.93.24.9 Goat86.64.13.34.7 Swine81.26.84.85.5 Human 87.63.81.07.0

5. McDonald et al. (2011) Milk synthesis and substrates

6. Milk synthesis  Lactose synthesis  Protein synthesis  FA synthesis

7. Lactose synthesis McDonald et al. (2011)

8. Lactose synthesis McDonald et al. (2011)

9. Protein synthesis  Milk---casein and few of  - lactalbumin,  -lactoglobulin  Occurred in endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)  Substrates are AA: diet and microbial protein  Protein product was storaged in golgi  Mechanism protein synthesis similar to other organs

10. FA synthesis  Occurred at smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)  triacylglyceride is major product  Storage in alveolus  FA received from:  Diet: intake, synthesis from C2, C4  Mobilization from adipose tissue

11. Milk synthesis control Brisken and O'Malley (2010)

12. Conclusion 1 2 Protein synthesis from diet and microbes Lactose synthesis with 7 steps 3 FA synthesis as triacylglycerol by use VFA, diet as substrate

13. Thank you!