1. ELECTRICAL CURRENT

2. Atoms are in everything and are made up of equal amounts of positive and negative charges.

3. Types of Electrical Current Alternating current moves the impulse back and forth 1 cycle/sec is called a HERTZ Household current is 60 Hz.

4. Alternating current Type of current that enters your home Economical in being transported from power plant to home….. Less energy loss to friction.

6. A Safety Fuse protects your house from too much electrical current

7. Direct current Electricity flows directly from the negative [cathode] to positive [anode] terminals Less electricity loss due to friction Used in electronics Supplied by batteries and generators

8. Direct Current Direct current can be compared to the flow of waterwater

9. Comparing Different Batteries What is the difference in a D cell and an AA cell?

12. Important electrical terms VOLTAGE CURRENT RESISTANCE

14. VOLTAGE Electrical potential energy per charge Measured in volt or joules/ coulomb Referred to as “potential difference” When generated by battery or magnetic force, it is called electromagnetic force.

15. Voltage The force-like quantity that moves a coulomb of electrons The greater the voltage, the greater the flow of electrical current for the same resistance

18. Current=I Flow of electrons through a conductor Measured in Amperes [Amps] 1 amp= 1 coulomb/sec

20. Resistance

21. RESISTANCE [ Ω] Measured in OHMS or Ω One ohm= one volt/one amp Depends of the type of conductor [i.e. gold has a very low resistance while tungsten has a very high resistance] Insulators have extremely high resistance An increase in temperature will increase the resistance

22. RESISTORS

27. Multi- functional Digital Meter

28. CURRENT ELECTRICITY TERMSYMBOLUNITSYMBOL VOLTAGE V VOLT= JOULE/COULOMB V CURRENT I AMP= COULOMB/SEC A RESISTANCE R OHM= VOLT/AMP Ω

29. Electrical Work Work = voltage X charge W=Vq Unit for work = joule

30. Electrical Power Power = current X volts VI=P Unit for power = watt

31. SERIES CIRCUIT

34. Series Circuit-current The total current in a series circuit is equal to the amount of current that passes through the greatest resistor or load

35. Series Circuit-voltage Total Voltage is equal to the sum of the individual voltages in the circuit. 1.5V 0.5V

36. SERIES CIRCUIT RESISTANCE The total resistance in this circuit is equal to the SUM of the resistance in each resistor.

37. V=10x6 = 60V V= 5x6 = 30V 6 amps CURRENT FLOW HERE 15 amps TOTAL RESISTANCE

39. PARALLEL CIRCUITS More than one connection at each resistor or load

40. Parallel Circuits-Current The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of the current through each resistor.

41. Parallel Circuit-Voltage In a parallel circuit, the voltage is equal through out the entire circuit.

42. Parallel Circuit-Resistance The total resistance in a parallel circuit is always less than the least resistor in the system Rt<1

43. Parallel Circuits

47. How is “electricity generated” or “electricity and magnetism”?

48. Current and Magnetism The magnetic field lines around a long wire which carries an electric current form concentric circles around the wire. The direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the wire and is in the direction the fingers of your right hand would curl if you wrapped them around the wire with your thumb in the direction of the current.magnetic fieldlong wire current

49. Current and magnetism The right-hand rule helps us keep our direction straight…..

51. Electromagnets vs. Permanent

52. These three factors all increase the strength of an electromagnet: Increasing the current flowing through the coil Increasing the number of coils Putting a core of a magnetic material inside the solenoid. The iron core becomes magnetized itself and makes the field stronger.

53. Current and Magnetism If a wire is moved through a magnetic field, an electrical current is produced. This is an example of a generator If a current carrying wire is in a magnetic field then a force is produced. This is an example of a motor.

56. The electric Motor http://www.walter- fendt.de/ph11e/electricmotor.htm

58. Generating Electric Current requires a magnetic field and the movement of a metal wire through the field

59. An Electric MOTOR can be an Electric Generator if it is turned by a mechanical force.

62. Solar Panels convert SUNLIGHT into ELECTRICITY

63. The Future of Transportation