1. 1 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Optoprime Conceptual Designs, Inc. “Next Generation DC-3” Team 2 AJ Berger Colby Darlage Joshua Dias Ahmad Kamaruddin Pete Krupski Josh Mason Camrand Tucker

2. 2 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS SRR Outline Mission Statement Market/Customers Competitors Use Case Scenarios Design Requirements Conclusion

3. 3 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Mission Statement To satisfy our customers through the design of an advanced mid-range aircraft capable of relieving congestion at major hubs throughout the world. The aircraft will: Operate from lesser-equipped airports throughout the world. Maintain a high cruise speed while limiting negative impact on the environment. Satisfy customer needs without sacrificing safety. This “next-generation DC-3” will revolutionize the future market with its high reliability, exceptional comfort, and high profitability – three difficult aspects to master “ The Douglas DC-3 … is universally recognized as the greatest airplane of its time. Some would argue that it is the greatest of all time.” (www.boeing.com) “The DC-3 was not only comfortable and reliable, it also made air transportation profitable.” (www.boeing.com)

4. 4 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Targeting Customer Needs Airlines –Operate from a short runway –Reduced environmental impact –Sufficient range to meet market needs –Low cost –Appealing to passengers –Safe to operate Passengers –Comfortable –Safe –Low cost ticket –Quick and Easy –Reduce Stress –Confidence in Newest Aircraft Maintenance/Ground Crew –Easy to service –Easy to load –Low failure rate

5. 5 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Benefits to Customers Extremely Short Takeoff or Landing (ESTOL) Capability Offer passengers an alternative to congestion and delays at major hubs Opens up new airports to significant commercial transportation Cost effective by: –Avoiding landing fees at major hubs –Reducing delays caused by congestion –Opening up a new market segment –COTS Avionics –More efficient engines

6. 6 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Target: Asia-Pacific Regional Market Market forecast done using Boeing Current Market Outlook 2007 RPK regional growth rates over the next 20 years: –Growth of Emerging Markets Southwest Asia (largely India) = 6.9% (390 billion RPKs added) China = 8.0% (1,280 billion RPKs added) –Established Markets Continue to Grow Europe = 4.2% (2,380 billion RPKs added) North America (largely USA) = 4.0% (2,390 billion RPKs added) –where RPKs = revenue passenger-kilometers = [(# of pax)x(fare)x(distance travelled)] (BCMO 2007)

7. 7 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS More flights within Asia-Pacific Tremendous potential for the Asia-Pacific region by 2026 ~½ of 1.1 billion people in India are below the age of 25 years Mumbai, Delhi, Tokyo, Seoul, etc. are at or above capacity limits Travel within Asia-Pacific region will surpass travel within North American region (BCMO 2007)

8. 8 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Current and Future Market Single Aisle, 90-175 seat –Current (2006): 9,370 aircraft –Future (2058): 25,100 aircraft (including retirements) Projected Delivery Rate of ~500 deliveries per year Expected Market Share of 33% with 3-4 major airframers Projected Sales (2008 USD) –Present Value of Future Operating Revenues: $500B

9. 9 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Potential for Cargo Market 25% of international trading is done through the air (by value) “Asia-Pacific will account for the largest share of both future freight capacity and of the large freighters added.” Potential to fly PAX by day, cargo by night –similar to 737-200QC –Converted in less than one hour Ability to deliver to more remote destinations

10. 10 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Competition “Road, rail, or marine transportation are fundamental components of the infrastructure of growing economies, but they demand high investment, primarily from government funds and are not practical for rapidly traversing long distances or extreme terrain.” BCMO 2007 Ground Transportation –Potential Asian High Speed Highway (similar to German Autobahn) Low cost / pax Very mountainous and remote –Bullet Trains Low cost / pax Short Travel Time Ships –Readily Available –Only Access to some islands Other aircraft –Successors to A320 Gen3, B737 Gen3, C1000 Established knowledge base

11. 11 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Use Case Scenario 1 Hong Kong to Madras, India (2000NM) –ESTO from Hong Kong (3,000 ft, upwind section of runway) –Extended Range Cruise –ESL at Madras (6,000 ft runway) Takeoff & Climb Cruise Climb ADS-B Continuous Descent Approach & Full Stop Landing

12. 12 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Use Case Scenario 2 Sydney (at least 8,000ft) to Perth ( 11,200ft max) (1769NM) – refueling/reload Perth to Coober Pedy (4,685ft max) (985NM) – w/out refueling Coober Pedy to Sydney(893NM) Climb Cruise Descent Climb Cruise Descent Reload without Refuel Climb Cruise Descent to Full Stop Reconfigure to Cargo, Reload with Refuel

13. 13 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Use Case Scenario 3 Climb Cruise Climb Climb Cruise Climb Descent Loiter Full Stop Landing Gary (at least 3000ft) to Boulder(4100ft) (793NM) Rerouted to Durango(9200ft) (218NM) Rerouted back to Boulder (Lands and refuels) Climb

14. 14 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS System Design Operate from a short runway – takeoff distance < 3000 ft Reduced environmental impact – improved emissions/advanced tech Sufficient range to meet market needs – 2000NM Low cost – $40 Million (2007 dollars) Appealing to passengers – 106 PAX with ample room Safe to operate – low IFSD rate (CFM56 0.003 as of 7/2006)

15. 15 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Runway Lengths Large number of runways in 2500’ – 3000’ group Neglecting necessary buffer zone for now, this shows availability of runways for simultaneous landing/takeoff use

16. 16 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Advanced Concepts Composite Integral Structure Low-emission/alternative fuels Advanced Engine Tech. –Geared Turbofans –Hybrid Engines –Unducted Fans In-flight Refueling Solar cells Advanced Avionics –Modular/COTS

17. 17 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Benchmarking CurrentBest AlternativeReference TOGW (lb)8948579344EMB 170 Number of PAX106120A318 Runway Length (ft)45334200A318 Range (NM)20003365B737-600 SFC (lb/lb*hr)0.59550.655-.780- Thrust Available (lbf)3065027000-54000- Current Design

18. 18 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS What’s Next? Conceptual Design Generation –Functional Decomposition –Preliminary Sketches –Concept Selection System Definitions –Fuselage Design –Detailed Sizing Study –Constraint Analysis

19. 19 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Conclusion Mission Statement –ESTOL <3000ft – 106 PAX – 2000NM Range Market/Customers –Primary: Asia-Pacific –Secondary: North America –Tertiary: Europe Use case Scenarios –Demonstrate Possible Missions Design Requirements

20. 20 SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS References “Now That’s a Reliable Engine…” July 17,2006. http://www.cfm56.com/index.php?level2=blog_viewpost&t=75http://www.cfm56.com/index.php?level2=blog_viewpost&t=75 Boeing Current Market Outlook 2007 “The Airplane that Never Sleeps” July 15, 2002. http://www.boeing.com/commercial/news/feature/737qc.htmlhttp://www.boeing.com/commercial/news/feature/737qc.html “DC-3 Commercial Transport” http://www.boeing.com/history/mdc/dc-3.htmhttp://www.boeing.com/history/mdc/dc-3.htm “Aerospace Sourcebook”, AviationWeek & Space Technology, Jan 2007 “Aerospace Sourcebook”, AviationWeek & Space Technology, Jan 2008 Raymer, D.P. “Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach” AIAA 2006 Roskam, J., “Airplane Design Parts I-VIII”, DARcorporation, KS, 1994-2007 Bureau of Transportation Statistics, http://www.bts.govhttp://www.bts.gov Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www.bls.govhttp://www.bls.gov