1. Member of Radiocrafts What is ZigBee? -Open global standard with an alliance of members (175+) promoted by Chipcon, Mitsubishi, Philips, Honeywell ++. Alliance members participate in working groups targeting to define standard profiles (like in Bluetooth). -Radiocrafts is a member of the ZigBee Alliance -Specification rev. 1.0 ratified Mid December 2004. FREE TO DOWNLOAD FROM www.zigbee.com -Targeted for home and building automation & industrial control -Quarterly Member meetings with “open house”. Each 2. month: interoperability tests -www.zigbee.org : read all about it. -www.radiocrafts.com : Application Note AN003

2. Member of Radiocrafts - Home and building automation - Alarms and security systems - Sensor networks/industrial systems - Personal health care - Consumer electronics

3. Member of Radiocrafts Networking and interoperability -Main benefits are mesh ad-hoc self-forming networks & interoperability through defined profiles (agreement on a series of messages defining an application space) Star Cluster Tree Mesh Coordinator (FFD, Mains powered, RX always on (-CT)) Router (FFD, Mains powered, RX always on (-CT)) End Device (RFD, Battery powered)

4. Member of Radiocrafts ZigBee Device types ZigBee Coordinator (ZC) –Acts as IEEE 802.15.4 PAN coordinator (FFD) –One and only one required for each ZB network –Initiates network formation –May act as router once network is formed ZigBee Router (ZR) –Acts as IEEE 802.15.4 Router (FFD) –Optional network component –May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR –Participates in multihop routing of messages ZigBee End Device (ZED) –Optional network component –Does not participate in routing –Reduced Functionality Device (RFD)

5. Member of Radiocrafts ZigBee vs. WLAN vs BT

6. Member of Radiocrafts Basic Network Characteristics I Lots of devices Infrequently used Small data packets Long battery Lifetime Addressing: Each node unique 64 bit IEEE MAC address (same as for Ethernet) Upper 24 bit assigned by IEEE (buy UOI) Lower 40 bit: serial number (unlimited number of devices)

7. Member of Radiocrafts Basic Network Characteristics II 65,536 network (client) nodes (due to 16 bits PAN id) Not for streaming 250 kbps data; MAC data Frame: 127 Bytes No handling of fragmentation today (handling of packets routed differently in network, lost or arriving at random times) Optimized for timing-critical applications –Network join time: 30 ms (typ) –Sleeping node changing to active: 15 ms (typ) (Versus 10-30 seconds for BT & WLAN)

8. Member of Radiocrafts What is IEEE 802.15.4? What is ZigBee? ZigBee Stack IEEE Stack (MAC) PHY: 2.4 GHz Application Layer PHY: 868/915MHz MAC: Medium Access control PHY: Physical layer ZigBee defining upper protocol layers: Application: -Application Profiles -Application Framework -Network and Security layer IEEE802.15.4-2003: standard defining PHY and MAC

9. Member of Radiocrafts IEEE802.15.4-2003: PHY: 868MHz (Europe): 20kbps 915MHz (USA): 40kbps 2.4GHz (2.40-2.4835 GHz): 250kbps (raw bit rate) DSSS (robust against interferers), O-QPSK, 16 channels, 5MHz spacing, 3MHz Bandwidth MAC: Synchronizing to beacons (optional), acknowledge and retransmissions of data packets, CRC, security/encryption (AES-128) Current version of IEEE standard does NOT support Cluster Tree network. Next revision, IEEE802.15.4b will support this. Provides the higher layers (ZigBee) with a robust radio link

10. Member of Radiocrafts IEEE 802.15.4 vs ZigBee ZigBee: The stack layers “creates the network” by: Network layer –Join and leave networks –Route frames –Discover routes –Discover one-hop neighbours –Apply security –Starting a network (coordinator) –Assigning addresses (coordinator) Application Support Sublayer –Tables for binding –Forward messages between bound devices

11. Member of Radiocrafts Application profiles There are three types of profiles: Public Profile (like the Home Control Lighting profile) Published profile Private profile (The Radiocrafts SPPIO) (A Private Profile is becoming Published when…it is published) In order to define a private profile, a unique profile ID must be issued by the ZigBee Alliance which requires Alliance Membership (lowest entry level is USD 3 500)

12. Member of Radiocrafts Application profiles cont. Today ONE profile is defined: Lighting profile: Light switches, dimmers, occupancy sensors The following is planned (last meeting in the Alliance): Industrial plant monitoring Non-ducting HVAC Building automation Expected profiles: Serial port profile Industrial Automation AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) (specification frontpage)

13. Member of Radiocrafts Certification & Compliance Marking with Z-logo: Only for certified end products. Certification: Only for ZigBee-members. Full conformance testing based on a ZigBee-compliant platform (RFIC+MCU controller+stack) Compliance: Three types of compliance programs: 1. ZigBee compliant Platform (module-makers) 2. Logo test program: Using a module and testing for rights to Z-logo 3. ZigBee-friendly test program (do not intentionally interoperate). Can use the word “ZigBee”, not Z-marking. Next two years: NTS (US) and TÜV (Worldwide) have test monopole