1. Splash Screen

2. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Visual Summary
Introduction
Section 1: The Land
Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
Visual Summary
Chapter Menu

3. A study of the physical geography of South Asia will explain the contrasts between the northern and southern areas of the region and how South Asia’s large populations depend upon the seasonal monsoon rains that sometimes bring devastating consequences.
Chapter Intro 1

4. Section 1: The Land
Places reflect the relationship between humans and the physical environment. In South Asia’s varied landscapes, large numbers of people depend on the region’s physical environment, river systems, and natural resources for their livelihoods.
Chapter Intro 2

5. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
The characteristics and distribution of ecosystems help people understand environmental issues. Seasonal winds in South Asia strongly influence temperature and rainfall, which affect what crops people grow and how people and the environment are affected by too much or too little rain.
Chapter Intro 3

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. The Land
In South Asia’s varied landscapes, large numbers of people depend on the region’s physical environment, river systems, and natural resources for their livelihoods.
Section 1-GTR

8. The Land
subcontinent
alluvial plain
Section 1-GTR

9. The Land A. Himalaya B. Khyber Pass C. Gangetic Plain D. Vindhya
E. Satpura Range
F. Deccan Plateau
G. Ganges River
I. Indus River
H. Brahmaputra River
Section 1-GTR

10. The Land
Which mountain range absorbs the monsoon rains and slowly releases them into the region?
A. Eastern Ghats
B. Western Ghats
C. Himalayas
D. Vindhya Range A B C D
Section 1

11. Landforms
South Asia’s landforms affect where people live and influence seasonal rain patterns.
Northern landforms:
Himalaya Mountains
Karakoram Mountains
Hindu Kush range
Khyber Pass
Section 1

12. Landforms (cont.) Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra rivers Gangetic Plain
Chota Nagpur Plateau
Section 1

13. Landforms (cont.) Central and Southern landforms:
Eastern and Western Ghats
Deccan Plateau
Sri Lanka
Maldives
South Asia: Elevation Profile
Section 1

14. South Asia is separated from the rest of Asia by which of the following?
A. Rivers
B. Mountains
C. Dense forests
D. An ocean A B C D
Section 1

15. Water Systems
South Asia’s major river systems bring fertile soil to the floodplains, serve as transportation routes, and provide hydroelectricity.
Three major river systems:
Ganges—most important river in South Asia
Brahmaputra
Indus
Section 1

16. Which river is known as the “cradle of ancient India”? A. Ganges
B. Brahmaputra
C. Indus A B C
Section 1

17. Natural Resources
South Asia has a variety of natural resources upon which large populations are dependent for their livelihoods.
Rivers:
Drinking water
Alluvial soil
Transportation
Hydroelectric power
Fish
Section 1

18. Natural Resources (cont.)
Mineral resources, such as iron ore and graphite
Energy sources, such as petroleum, natural gas
Timber resources, such as sandalwood and teak
Section 1

19. Which country is the world’s largest producer of graphite?
A. Sri Lanka
B. Pakistan
C. Bangladesh
D. India A B C D
Section 1

20. Section 1-End

21. Climate and Vegetation
Seasonal winds in South Asia strongly influence temperature and rainfall, which affect what crops people grow and how people and the environment are affected by too much or too little rain.
Section 2-GTR

22. Climate and Vegetation
monsoon
tsunami
cyclone
period
triggers
Section 2-GTR

23. Climate and Vegetation
A. Bay of Bengal
B. Sundarbans
C. Thar Desert
Section 2-GTR

24. Climate and Vegetation
Most of Asia experiences which type of climate?
A. Tropical
B. Highland
C. Midlatitude
D. Dry A B C D
Section 2

25. Climate Regions
Much of South Asia has tropical climates with ample rainfall and a variety of vegetation; however, the climates vary widely in the north and west, where mountain ranges block rainfall.
Tropical regions:
Tropical wet
Tropical dry
South Asia: Vegetation
Section 2

26. Climate Regions (cont.)
Midlatitude and highland regions:
Mixed forest
Deciduous forest
Humid subtropical
Himalayan highlands
Dry regions:
Desert—Thar Desert
Steppe
Section 2

27. Does much of South Asia lie south or north of the Tropic of Cancer?
A. South
B. North A B
Section 2

28. Seasonal Weather Patterns
Seasonal weather patterns bring much-needed rainfall to South Asia, but monsoon winds, as well as other natural disasters, can also bring devastating hardships.
Three distinct seasons:
Hot
Wet
Cool
Comparing Climates
Section 2

29. Seasonal Weather Patterns (cont.)
These seasons depend on seasonal winds called monsoons.
Temperature and rainfall impact agriculture in the region.
Factors:
Extreme heat
Monsoon winds
Section 2

30. Seasonal Weather Patterns (cont.)
Natural disasters:
Flooding from monsoon rains
Cyclones
Earthquakes
Tsunamis
Section 2

31. The monsoons are heaviest in which part of South Asia? A. Eastern
B. Western
C. Northern
D. Southern A B C D
Section 2

32. Section 2-End

33. A. The Himalaya
Created by collision of tectonic plates; extend more than 1,500 miles (2,414 km) across northern edge of South Asia
Includes Mount Everest, the world’s highest peak at 29,028 feet (8,848 m)
VS 1

34. • World’s longest alluvial plain
B. Gangetic Plain
• World’s longest alluvial plain
• Watered by the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus Rivers; agriculturally productive area
• India’s most densely populated area
VS 2

35. C. Vindhya and Satpura Ranges
• Mountains in central India created by collision of tectonic plates
• Separate the distinct cultures of northern and southern India
VS 3

36. • Flows mainly through Pakistan; empties into Arabian Sea
D. Indus River
• Flows mainly through Pakistan; empties into Arabian Sea
• Known as the cradle of ancient India
• Remains an important transportation route
VS 4

37. • Rich soil with wet and dry seasons
E. Deccan Plateau
• Plateau region in southern India; located between Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
• Rich soil with wet and dry seasons
VS 5

38. • Flows east from the Himalaya; empties into Bay of Bengal
F. Ganges River
• Flows east from the Himalaya; empties into Bay of Bengal
• Drainage basin covers about 400,000 square miles (about 1 million sq. km)
• Named for Hindu goddess Ganga; sacred to Hindus
VS 6

39. • Flows through India and Bangladesh
G. Brahmaputra River
• Flows through India and Bangladesh
• Joins the Ganges river to form a delta; empties into Bay of Bengal
• Major inland waterway; also provides hydroelectric power
VS 7

40. • Hot season is from late February to June
H. Monsoons
• Hot season is from late February to June
• Wet season is from June or July to September
• Cool season is from October to late February
VS 8

41. VS-End

42. Figure 1

43. Figure 2

44. Figure 3

45. DFS Trans 1

46. DFS Trans 2

47. subcontinent
large landmass that is part of a continent but still distinct from it, such as India
Vocab1

48. alluvial plain
floodplain, such as the Gangetic Plain in South Asia, on which flooding rivers have deposited rich soil
Vocab2

49. monsoon
in Asia, seasonal wind that brings warm, moist air from the oceans in summer and cold, dry air from inland in winter
Vocab3

50. cyclone
storm with heavy rains and high winds which blow in a circular pattern around an area of low atmospheric pressure
Vocab4

51. tsunami
Japanese term used for a huge sea wave caused by an undersea earthquake
Vocab5

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