1. Music Appreciation Class #12: Late Romanticism Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Dvorak, Elgar, Debussy

2. Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)

3. Biography Encouraged and support  Hans von Bülow  Robert and Clara Schumann (14 years older) ▫Piano and Cello ▫Conductor  Earliest professional career  Brothel? ▫Began composing at 11

4. Musical Style: “War of the Romantics” ▫Traditionalist  Baroque and Classical techniques  Scorn and dismissal ▫Wagner and Liszt ▫Romantic  New harmonies and melodies  Admiration and devotion ▫Schumann and most music critics

5. Attack of the Walkuries Mocked by Wagner fans Intimidated by protests and attacks ▫Result =  Concentration on non-Wagner forms  no operas

6. 1 st Recordings! Thomas Alva Edison ▫“Hungarian Dance #1”

7. CD#2, Track 8 “Hungarian Dance, #3 Listen for… ▫Full orchestrations ▫Contrapuntal techniques ▫Concentration on melody

8. Peyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1840-1893

9. Biography Child prodigy ▫Discouraged Composed at 14 Musical training (conservatory) “The Five” ▫Conflicting musical influences Civil service job International success

10. Musical style Russian ▫Folk tunes ▫Harmonies ▫Rhythms European ▫German form ▫Italian melody ▫French lyricism

11. Ballet (Russian Nationalism?) Previously inconsequential music ▫2 nd rate composers Tchaikovsky elevated and expanded ▫Full orchestral tonality Stand-alone quality

12. “Romeo and Juliet” (1869) Scandal!  Musically graphic  Violence/sex Overture Fantasy (11:00) Youtube.com @ 7:45

13. Brief segue Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953) ▫“Romeo and Juliet” 1935  Arrival of the Capulets and the Montagues Arrival of the Capulets and the Montagues  Romeo and Juliet’s pas de deux Romeo and Juliet’s pas de deux  Rudolf Nureyev and Lynne Fontanne: Balcony Scene Rudolf Nureyev and Lynne Fontanne: Balcony Scene

14. Nutcracker (1891) Most expansive ballet score to date ▫Immediately popular ▫Critically ridiculed ▫“Sugar Plumb Fairy” from the Kirov Ballet“Sugar Plumb Fairy” from the Kirov Ballet

15. Piano Concerto #1 (1875) Van Cliburn (1934 - ) 1st International Tchaikovsky Competition ▫1958

16. 1812 Overture1812 Overture (1880) Commission ▫Russia’s victory over Napoleon ▫Orchestration  Tubular bells  16 cannon shots on musical cue! Carnegie Hall Philadelphia  Seiji Ozawa and the Berlin Philharmonic @ 4:00 11:45

17. Personal Gay ▫Punishable by prison/execution Paranoid Married ▫Antonina Miliukova  Virtual stranger  Unsolicited love letter  Disastrous marriage

18. Nadezhda von Meck Patron, 1877-90 Letter relationship only Abrupt end

19. “Bob”

20. Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904)

21. Biography Born near Prague (Czech Republic) Father was a professional Zither player ▫“The Third Man” 1949“The Third Man” Violinist, violist, organist Father of 9 children! Extensive travel ▫London ▫New York (327 East 17 th Street) ▫Des Moins and Spilville, Iowa

22. Musical Style Eastern European Nationalism ▫Folk music idiom ▫American Negro Spiritual Extensive repertory ▫Symphonies  “From The New World”: 4 th Movement “From The New World”: 4 th Movement ▫Chamber music  “The American String Quartet” ▫Choral ▫Opera

23. CD #2, Track 10 “Slavonic Dance #1” Listen for… ▫Simple rhythm ▫Melody suggestive of “rustic” life ▫Complex technical demands

24. Sir Edward Elgar (1857-1934)

25. Biography Family owned a music shop ▫“Down time” reading and studying  Self-taught Father was a professional organist Early violin lessons Music director of “Lunatic Asylum” Passionate bicyclist/naturalist ▫“There is music in the air…” 1 st violinist under Dvorak

26. British Class System Caroline Alice Roberts ▫Eight years older ▫Daughter of a Major-General  “The care of a genius is enough of a life work for any woman!” ▫Important introductions King Edward VII’s coronation: 1902 ▫“Pomp And Circumstance” march“Pomp And Circumstance” march Knighthood

27. CD #2, Track 11 “Enigma Variations” ▫“Dedicated to my friends pictured within…” ▫Each dedicated to a close personal collegaue, friend or acquaintance. ▫Inspired by Beethoven’s struggles Listen for… ▫Soaring themes ▫Full use of orchestra ▫Simple rhythms

28. Claude Debussy (1862-1918)

29. Claude Monet:“Impression: Sunrise” 1872

30. Biography Studied piano with a former student of Chopin; Difficult and argumentative student Teacher of Nadezhda von Meck’s children Judgmental of other composers Numerous wives and children

31. Musical Style Deliberately avoid the sound of structure ▫Key signatures ▫Time signatures ▫“Floating chords”

32. CD #2, Track 12 “Clair de Lune” Listen for… Orchestrations?! (“yuck!”) Evocative Advanced piano technique