1. NDSU Animal Sciences Animal Agrosecurity Charlie Stoltenow, DVM, DACVPM Associate Professor/Extension Veterinarian ANSC 488, March 25, 2010 Special thanks to the Extension Disaster Education Network (EDEN) and the University of Kentucky Extension Service

2. NDSU Animal Sciences Dairy Basics Milking Cows –Cows milked 2 – 3 times per day –Cow has to calve in order to produce milk –Many cows may be pregnant while milking Other Dairy Animals –Replacement heifers/Open cows –Calves housed in hutches, hand-fed Logistics –Milk pick-up every other day for processing –Transportation/housing for off-farm events

3. NDSU Animal Sciences Paul & Joan’s Family Farm Paul – Father Joan – Mother Scott – 16-year-old son Bonnie – 8-year-old daughter Two farm employees

4. NDSU Animal Sciences Paul & Joan’s Farm Operation Neighboring farms Pastures Corn fields Pond – water for replacement heifers Old well – crop and livestock needs Farmhouse – municipal water supply Goats, dogs, etc.

5. NDSU Animal Sciences An Unfolding Crisis

6. NDSU Animal Sciences Setting  Bonnie wins a ribbon at a large multi-species livestock exhibition  Early June during a rainy period  Insect problems abundant

7. NDSU Animal Sciences After the Exhibition Day 1 –4-H picnic at Paul and Joan’s farm –Children played with the goats, calves, and beagle puppies all the over farm Day 2 –Goats become ill on Paul and Joan’s farm

8. NDSU Animal Sciences More Problems Day 3 –Heifers sold by Paul to out-of-state producer who came to look at the heifers that day Day 4 –Heifers on Paul’s farm become ill –Called extension agent –Aborted fetus found in the heifers’ pen

9. NDSU Animal Sciences Where are some areas where Paul’s actions might be found lacking? Assessing Paul’s Response

10. NDSU Animal Sciences Diagnostics Begin Day 5 –Paul’s cows start to abort –Reduced milk production –Rain resumes –Veterinarian contacted –Necropsy performed/samples taken

11. NDSU Animal Sciences Regulatory Action Day 6 –All cows abort –State Veterinarian contacted –FADD arrives –Samples taken –USDA lab diagnostics

12. NDSU Animal Sciences Human illnesses Day 7 –Neighbor’s child sick –Neighbor’s animals off-feed Day 8 –Beagle puppies dead –State lab unable to diagnose –Bonnie becomes ill

13. NDSU Animal Sciences What are some good biosecurity measures that should have been implemented? What are some other issues that should be addressed? Biosecurity

14. NDSU Animal Sciences Scope of Incident Expands Day 9 –Regional FADDs investigating –Public Health Department alerted –Link to exhibition suspected –Multiple states involved

15. NDSU Animal Sciences Diagnosis Day 10 –RVF confirmed –FBI investigates

16. NDSU Animal Sciences International Consequences Widespread stop movement orders Trade embargoes Joint Operations Center established –Local –State –Federal Joint Information Center established –Media/public information

17. NDSU Animal Sciences JOC and JIC Federal Bureau of Investigation Public Health United States Department of Agriculture State departments of Agriculture Food and Drug Administration Federal Emergency Management Agency Law enforcement Environmental Protection Agency Department of Transportation Department of Fish and Wildlife

18. NDSU Animal Sciences Could the US economy be affected by a Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreak? In a scenario such as the RVF outbreak, how could the US consumer confidence in meat, milk, eggs and other foods be affected after the diagnosis is made? Economics

19. NDSU Animal Sciences Management What modifications to Paul’s farming operation could reduce the effects of this type of incident? What prevention or mitigation actions may have reduced the exposure of Bonnie’s goats to any disease at the exhibition?

20. NDSU Animal Sciences Animal Identification How would a database of individual animal identification information and a list of pen locations of exhibited animals assist trace- back and trace-forward identification of cases of RVF?

21. NDSU Animal Sciences What frameworks exist for local, state, and federal agencies to provide an organized, efficient, and coordinated response? During a RVF outbreak in the United States, what potential response tasks may be required? Coordinated Response

22. NDSU Animal Sciences Public Information How should Extension agents and veterinarians handle phone calls from the media? What can be done to address rumors that may circulate on the Internet or by email, television, and radio during a disease outbreak like RVF?

23. NDSU Animal Sciences Containment/Eradication People infected with RVF can be a source of the virus for mosquitoes and other insects. Could people be quarantined and confined to hospitals or homes in this situation? How difficult could it be to eliminate an insect-borne foreign animal disease from North America?

24. NDSU Animal Sciences What differences could geographic location have on the persistence of an insect vector- borne foreign animal disease outbreak over time? Containment/Eradication

25. NDSU Animal Sciences What psychological, social, and economic issues may arise from a foreign animal disease outbreak? Social Effects

26. NDSU Animal Sciences Could insurance and indemnity programs play a role in the recovery phase of a foreign animal disease outbreak? Recovery

27. NDSU Animal Sciences The Need for Functional Exercises

28. NDSU Animal Sciences Agricultural Significance/Vulnerability Significance –Livestock and poultry - $100 billion/year –17% of American jobs –Exports - $50 billion/year Vulnerability –Spinach – E. coli –Peanut Butter – Salmonella –Great Britain – FMD & BSE

29. NDSU Animal Sciences Animal Agosecurity Prevention Surveillance –Local veterinarians –Extension personnel –Animal diagnostic laboratories –Producers Biological risk management Owners responsible for animal health –Work with animal health professionals to develop a biosecurity plan

30. NDSU Animal Sciences Animal Agosecurity Program Should vary by operation Economics Components –Resistance –Isolation –Traffic control –Sanitation and disinfection

31. NDSU Animal Sciences Resistance and Isolation Resistance –To infection –To illness after infection –As a result of vaccination Isolation –Health monitoring –Containment for 28 days

32. NDSU Animal Sciences Traffic Control and Sanitation Traffic control –People –Vehicles –Animals Sanitation –Clean, hygienic conditions –Clothing, equipment, people, etc.

33. NDSU Animal Sciences Coordinated Response Interaction among many agencies –Local –State –Federal Common local emergency responders –Fire –Rescue –Police –EMT

34. NDSU Animal Sciences Local Veterinarian Trained to recognize disease Trained to take samples Trained to report suspicious diseases to regulatory authorities –State Veterinarian –Federal Veterinarian

35. NDSU Animal Sciences Office of the State Veterinarian Regulatory authority to enforce regulations and quarantines Should be contacted when suspicion of an FAD or other reportable disease exists

36. NDSU Animal Sciences Office of the Federal Veterinarian Has access to incredible resources –FADD –Diagnostic Laboratories –Personnel –USDA emergency funds

37. NDSU Animal Sciences