1. Eubacteria & Archarbacteria
Prokaryotes
Eubacteria & Archarbacteria

2. Prokaryotes Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus
Prokaryotes are identified by characteristics such as shape, the chemical nature of their cell walls, the way they move, and the way they obtain energy.

3. Types of Prokaryotes
There are two domains/kingdoms that contain prokaryotes
Domain Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria
Domain Archaea-Kingdom Archaebacteria

4. Classification-Shape
Shapes:
Rod-shaped = bacilli
Spherical = cocci
Spiral/corkscrew = spirilla

5. Classification- Cell Walls
Prokaryotes can be distinguished by the presence of absence of peptioglycan
Violet and red dyes are applied; violet stains peptidoglycan.
Alcohol is used to wash the sample, then the red dye is applied.
Gram-positive have thick walls that retain the violet stain.
Gram-negative lose the violet dye and appear reddish from the secondary stain. They have an extra lipid layer outside their thin cell wall.

6. Classification-Movement
Some prokaryotes do not move; other move using flagella (whip-like tails), or cilia (tiny hairs).
Some move in snake-like motions, or secrete a slime to help them glide along.

7. Classification-Obtaining Energy
Heterotrophs vs. Autotrophs
Heterotrophs: must consume organic molecules
Autotrophs: use light energy or chemical energy to make their own food

8. Classification-Growth & Reproduction
Binary Fission: DNA is copied, and the cell splits in half
Conjugation: A hollow bridge is formed between two cells and genetic material is exchanged
Spore Formation: If growth conditions are unfavorable, an endospore may form; a thick internal wall is made to enclose the DNA and some of the cytoplasm; may remain dormant for months or years; e.g. Anthrax

9. Crossword!

10. Review: Quiz #3

11. Grudge Ball

12. Question #1
What are the eight levels of Linnaeus’s Classification from least inclusive to most inclusive.

13. Question #2
A koala bear’s scientific name is Phascolarctos cinereus. What does the scientific name tell us about the classification of a Koala bear? (Levels)

14. Question #3
Animals that create their own food using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis are called____________?

15. Question #4
An organism that is a prokaryote could be a member of which kingdoms?

16. Question #5
Name the following prokaryotes based on their shape. 1 2 3

17. Question #6
What are the 3 methods of reproduction that prokaryotes can undergo?

18. Question #7
Make a dichotomous key for the following set of aliens. A B C D E F

19. Question #8
An organism has a true nucleus, is an autotroph and doesn’t have cellulose in their cell wall. What Domain and Kingdom would this organism belong to?