1. Miss Napolitano & Mrs. Haas CP Biology TAXONOMY: CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

2.  You use classification techniques all the time!  Miss Napolitano’s classification:  Employee  State employee  Robbinsville High School employee  Teacher  Science teacher  Biology teacher CLASSIFICATION

3.  Taxonomy: the science of classifying organisms  Carolus Linnaeus – father of modern taxonomy  Grouped organisms into taxa based on similarities  Developed scientific names - common names became too confusing!  Binomial nomenclature: each species is assigned a two- part scientific name TAXONOMY

4. WHAT IS THIS?

5. You may have said: Mountain lion Puma Cougar Panther Or something else! Scientific names (binomial nomenclature) eliminates this problem! Simply, Felis concolor.

6. DO YOU KNOW THE FOLLOWING SCIENTIFIC NAMES?

7. Homo sapien Canis familiaris Felis catus Spongiforma squarepantsii Helianthus annuus

8.  Domain is the most diverse, species is the most specific  Species: organisms that can interbreed with each other and produce fertile offspring  Binomial nomenclature = genus & species of an individual THE SEVEN LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

9. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

10.  Domain: Eukarya  Kingdom: Animalia  Phylum: Chordata  Class: Mammalia  Order: Primates  Family: Hominidae  Genus: Homo  Species: sapiens Shorthand: Homo sapiens (H. sapiens)  Genus & species italicized or underlined  ONLY genus capitalized  If abbreviated, shorten genus to 1 st letter HUMAN CLASSIFICATION

11.  Unicellular: made of 1 cell  Multicellular: made of more than 1 cell  Prokaryotic: cell does not have a nucleus  Eukaryotic: cells have nuclei  Autotrophic: makes own food (photosynthesis, etc.)  Heterotrophic: consumes food  Cell wall: rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane VOCAB BEFORE WE PROCEED...

12.  Bacteria: true bacteria  Archaea: extreme bacteria  Eukarya: eukaryotes THE 3 DOMAINS OF LIFE

13.  Unicellular  Prokaryotic  Cell walls  Corresponds to kingdom Eubacteria  Diverse! DOMAIN BACTERIA

14.  Unicellular  Prokaryotic  Live in extreme environments with no oxygen  Volcanic hot springs, brine pools, black organic mud  Cell walls  Corresponds to kingdom Archaebacteria DOMAIN ARCHAEA

15.  All eukaryotes  Organized into 4 kingdoms  Protista  Fungi  Plantae  Animalia DOMAIN EUKARYA

16.  The super random group  Can be unicellular or multicellular  Some autotrophic, some heterotrophic  Categorized by plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like DOMAIN EUKARYA: KINGDOM PROTISTA Plant-like: Euglena Fungus-like: Slime mold Animal-like: Amoeba

17.  Heterotrophic  Many feed on dead or decaying matter  Most multicellular but some unicellular DOMAIN EUKARYA: KINGDOM FUNGI

18.  Multicellular  Autotrophic – photosynthesis  Nonmotile – do not move from place to place  Cell walls  Include cone-bearing plants, flowering plants, mosses, & ferns  **Algae are NOT plants – they’re protists! DOMAIN EUKARYA: KINGDOM PLANTAE

19.  Multicellular  Heterotrophic  No cell walls  Most can move  Very diverse & complex! DOMAIN EUKARYA: KINGDOM ANIMALIA

20. COMPARING DOMAINS & KINGDOMS Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Domain Bacteria

21. COMPARING DOMAINS & KINGDOMS DomainBacteriaArchaeaEukarya KingdomEubacteriaArchaebacteriaProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia Cell TypeProkaryote Eukaryote Cell Structures Cell walls Some have cell walls, some have chloroplasts Cell wallsCell walls, chloroplasts No cell walls or chloroplasts Number of Cells Unicellular Some unicellular, some multicellular Most multicellular, some unicellular Multicellular Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Both HeterotrophicAutotrophicHeterotrophic ExamplesE. coliHalophilesAmoebaMushrooms, yeasts Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

22.  Used to help identify an unknown specimen  Works by asking yes or no questions about certain traits  Eventually leads the reader to the correct taxa for the organism DICHOTOMOUS KEY

23. TraitsDirection 1a. Organism has 4 legsGo to #2 1b. Organism has more than 4 legsGo to #20 2a. Organism has a tailGo to #3 2b. Organism has no tailGo to #35 3a. Organism has stripesBengal Tiger 3b. Organism has no stripesAfrican Lion DICHOTOMOUS KEY EXAMPLE

24. TRY THIS! TraitDirection 1a. Organism walks on 4 legsGo to #2 1b. Organism walks on 2 legsGo to #8 2a. Organism has visible furGo to #3 2b. Organism has no visible furGo to #20 3a. Organism lives in warm climatesGo to #7 3b. Organism lives in cold climatesGo to #4 4a. Organism has black or brown furUrsus americanus 4b. Organism has white furUrsus maritimus