1. MACROMOLECULES Large molecules found in living (& once living) organisms Made up of more simple building blocks

2. Macromolecules contain mostly these four elements: C H O N Over 95% of any organism is made-up of just these four elements!

3. Do you recognize any of these MACROMOLECULES?

4. Carbohydrates Lipids (fats) Proteins Nucleic Acids The 4 Major Categories of Macromolecules:

5. What do all these Macromolecules have in Common? Carbon backbone or “framework” !!!

6. WHY CARBON? 4 Valence Electrons Can bond with 4 different atoms This allows for thousands of combinations!

7. Carbohydrates HOW MANY CARBONS IN THIS MOLECULE? 6 Remember this? C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose is the product of photosynthesis! H I

8. Glucose is a monomer –Mono means “one” –A monomer can exist alone or can form with other similar molecules to form a larger molecule Carbohydrates are polymers –Poly means “many” –Polymers are compounds formed of long chains of monomers

9. Saccharides – “sugars” Monosaccarides –i.e. Glucose, Fructose Disaccarides –Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose (table sugar) –i.e. sucrose & lactose Polysaccharides –Carbohydrates (i.e. starch, cellulose, glycogen)

10. Q: So what would you call a macromolecule made up of many monosaccharides? A: CARBOHYDRATE

11. Remember, carbohydrates are just one example of MACROMOLECULES. Don’t forget the PROTEINS, LIPIDS, and NUCLEIC ACIDS.

12. Today’s LAB You will be testing foods for the following MACROMOLECULES: Glucose – monosaccharide Sucrose – disaccharide Starch – polysaccharide Lipids – ( a.k.a. fats ) Proteins

13. Carbohydrates ElementsC,H,O, Building blocksMonosaccharides (glucose, fructose) ExamplesGlycogen, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, cellulose UsesCell transport, intercellular junctions, structural, mechanical

14. Lipids ElementsC,H,O* (*much less oxygen than other biomolecules) Building blocksFatty acids (mostly hydrocarbon chains) ExamplesPhospholipids, steroids, UsesCell membranes, hormones, triglycerides (energy storage)

15. Protein ElementsC,H,O,N Building blocksAmino Acids ExamplesKeratin, actin/myosin, hemoglobin, UsesCell transport, intercellular junctions, structural, mechanical

16. Nucleic Acids ElementsC,H,O,N, P Building blocksNucleotides ExamplesDNA, RNA, ATP UsesCell metabolism, protein synthesis, storage of genetic material