1. Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False

2. Which of the following is not a biomolecule? A.Carbohydrate molecules B.Lipid molecules C.Protein molecules D.Water molecules [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

3. Biomolecules Biomolecules are used for these main purposes: – To store chemical _____________ – To build cell structures – To perform cellular activities – To store genetic information

4. Carbohydrates Main elements are : Found in abundance in _____________ and vegetables Monomers: – Called ________________________ – Ratio of elements: For every carbon atom, add 1 water molecule What is the monosaccharide formula if there are 5 carbon atoms? ___________ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6esFOqj_IaY

5. Monosaccharides The function of monosaccharides is to ______________ for a short term Monosaccharides are broken down in cellular ________________ into carbon dioxide and water The energy released from the broken bonds is used to form molecules of ______ (the energy currency of the cell) Examples of monosaccharides are ___________, fructose, dextrose, and galactose

6. Monosaccharides

7. Disaccharides When two monosaccharides bond together through dehydration ___________________ a ___saccharide is formed Di = ___ These molecules are used as short term energy storage as well Must be __________________ into individual monosaccharides to be used in cellular respiration Examples: sucrose, lactose, maltose

8. Polysaccharides (complex carbs) Polysaccharide = a few hundred to thousand _____________________ joined together Two main groups based on function: 1.Energy storage (bonds easily broken) _____________– how plants store glucose _____________ – how animals store glucose 2.Structural function (strong bonds) ________________ – makes up plant cell walls ______________ – makes up arthropod exoskeletons

9. Polysaccharides

10. What’s different about starch and glycogen compared with cellulose and chitin?

11. When blood sugar level is too high: – Cells ____________ glucose molecules from blood – Dehydration synthesis reactions bond glucose molecules together to form ______________ Stored in liver and muscle cells for later use When blood sugar level is too high: – __________________ break down glycogen into individual glucose molecules – Cells ___________ glucose molecules into the blood stream Maintaining the right amount of blood sugar is an example of what characteristic of life?

12. Which of the following is used for long term energy storage? A.1 st molecule B.2 nd molecule C.3 rd molecule D.4 th molecule [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] 12 [MC Types]

13. Lipids Elements: C, H, and O, but with much less ______ than in carbohydrates Monomers: ___________ ________ chains – Nonpolar Don’t dissolve in water hydrophobic Other molecules: _________________ _________________ (only in phospholipids)

14. Lipid Examples __________________ : – 3 chains of fatty acids bonded to one glycerol – Functions: long-term energy storage and insulation – Fat = animal triglycerides More saturated Solid at room temp. – Oils = plant triglycerides Less saturated Liquid at room temp 14 Butter vs. Margarine

15. Lipid examples __________________: – Two fatty acid chains bonded to a glycerol, bonded to a phosphate head – Head is _____________ Attracted to water – Tails are _____________ Repel water – Function: forms cell and organelle membranes “phospholipid bilayer” forms when put in aqueous solution 15

16. Phospholipase 16

17. Lipid examples Waxes – One fatty acid chain joined to a long chain of glycerol molecules – Waterproof and protective outer coverings such as leaves, skin Lipid Steroids – Regulation molecules – Ex) cholesterol and steroid hormones such as testosterone and estrogen 17

18. Protein 18

19. Proteins Monomers = _______________ There are ______ different amino acids (AAs) – All have this general structure, with the ______group representing the molecule that makes each AA unique AAs have: C,H,O, and ____ An ______ group A carboxylic ______ group A unique ____ group

20. Proteins Polymers = __________________ chains – AA + AA + AA + etc.. = polypeptide – ____________ - the bond formed between two amino acids as a result of dehydration synthesis – A polypeptide is folded into a protein Sequence of AA determines the _______________ of the protein (folded polypeptide) The shape of the protein determines its ___________________ in the cell – Every protein has a different job or function in your cells

21. 21

22. Protein Functions _________________ – muscles contract to move materials through out your body and contract to allow you to move Examples) actin and myosin are proteins involved in muscle contraction _____________________ – Found in skin, eyes, hair, cartilage, cell organelles Example) melanin is a protein that determines skin and hair color _________________________ – Transports materials across a cell and between different cells ex) _______________ is a protein that transports oxygen throughout body Help fight _______________ – Antibodies are proteins that attach to invading bacteria and viruses Regulate the rate of chemical reactions – ______________ are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions

23. Nucleic Acids!

24. Nucleic Acids Monomers = _______________ Elements: C,H,O,__, and ____ Nucleotides are composed of 1.A ________ molecule 2.A ____________ molecule 3.A ____________ base molecule

25. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are polymers made of repeating nucleotides The two types of nucleic acids are – ________(deoxyribonucleic acid) Stores genetic info – ________(ribonucleic acid) Converts genetic information into proteins The function of nucleic acids are to store and transmit genetic information

26. DNA RNA

27. Nucleic Acids There are 4 different types of bases that can make up each nucleotide – DNA nucleotide bases = _______________ – RNA nucleotide bases= ________________ The ____________ of the nitrogen bases in the nucleotides makes individual genetically unique

28. Sequence