1. I. Let’s Talk About CARBON!! Carbon atoms have: 6 protons 6 neutrons
6 electrons (when neutral)

2. Carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons, and they are all single
Carbon atoms will always make bonds. There are lots of ways to do this:
4 single bonds OR
2 singles and double OR
2 doubles OR
1 single and triple

3. II. So how does Carbon work?
A. There are many different forms:
Graphite

4. A. There are many different forms:
Diamond

5. A. There are many different forms:
Amorphous

6. A. There are many different forms:
Buckminsterfullerene

7. B. Carbon in Compounds
A hydrocarbon is a compound containing the elements carbon and hydrogen
Carbon forms the skeleton of each molecule
The hydrogens collect on the outside

8. C2H6
CH4
C4H10
C3H8

9. C. Naming Hydrocarbons
If all the carbons are single bonded, the skeleton is holding as many hydrogens as it can, so it is saturated  we call this type of hydrocarbon an alkane
The prefix is based on the number of carbon atoms
If it is saturated, the ending is “-ane”

10. “pre” fixes One Meth- Five Pent- Nine Non- Two Eth- Six Hex- Ten Dec-
Three
Prop-
Seven
Hept-
Four
But-
Eight
Oct-

11. 1. CH4 Methane 2. C2H6 Ethane 3. C3H8 Propane 4. C4H10 Butane 5. C6H14
Name the following:
1. CH4
2. C2H6
3. C3H8
4. C4H10
5. C6H14
6. C8H18
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Hexane
Octane

12. What happens if we add a double or triple bond
What happens if we add a double or triple bond? We call them unsaturated
Alkenes - hydrocarbons containing a double bond
Alkynes - hydrocarbons containing a triple bond
Ethyne
Ethane
Ethene
Propene

13. E. Properties of hydrocarbons
Because they are nonpolar they don’t dissolve in water.
The forces that hold them together are weak so most are gases or volatile liquids at room temperature.
Many are flammable - coooool!

14. F. Is there only one way to make C4H10? NO!
These are the two isomers of C4H10

15. G. Carbon chains How many bonds does carbon like to make? 4
Carbon is good at making long chains also. This results in many properties:
Elastic - able to stretch and return to original shape
No definite melting point
Able to take any shape

16. G. Carbon Chains Examples of polymers:
Plastic and rubber
Biological molecules like proteins , fats and starches

17. Which is which?