1. The ABC’s of GIS Standards: Sorting through the Acronym Soup of GIS Data and Technology Standards ‘Set things in order before there is confusion…’ A.J. Wortley, State Cartographer’s Office -Tao Te Ching

2. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Overview Types of Standards Standards Roles Standards Producers Metadata to Delineate Standards Standards for Interoperability Discussion : Future / Strategy

3. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Conceptual Levels of Standards Personal standards (ethics, priorities) In-house, local standards Meet internal business needs Regional standards Nearest neighbor interoperability State & Federal standards International standards Industry Standards De Facto Standards

4. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Modes/Applicability of Standards Data Content Standards Data Quality Standards Encoding / Format Standards Transfer / Exchange Formats Communications Protocols Service Standards More… Data Model Data Publishing

5. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 WLIA Standards Standard on Standards (1992/98) Parcel Geo-Locator Standard (1995) Digital Parcel Mapping Data Content Standards (1999) PLSS Database Definitions (2000) Content Standard For Geospatial Metadata (2000) GIS Data Exchange - WI Public Agencies (1996) Geodetic Control Clearinghouse Report (1994)

6. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 WLIA Standards (Continued) Standard Definition: Standards represent a succession of controls or guidelines which parallel the growth of a project or system. They evolve out of system development and support implementation. The development of a standard includes the creation and adoption of the standard. That is, standards are not created for standards sake, nor are they the force that drives implementation.

7. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 WLIA Standard on Standards 3.2.1 WLIA Standards WLIA Standards provide prescribed methods, procedures, formats, or specifications related to land and geographic information systems. These standards are part of the fundamental ingredients for successfully implementing geographic or land information systems. WLIA Standards generally evolve from generally accepted (customary) practices. WLIA standards are voluntary. While voluntary WLIA standards are required to fully participate in the Wisconsin Land Information Program and to openly share in the collective success of all Wisconsin information systems.

8. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Content  Spec.  Implement’n FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata + Profiles FGDC Address Data Content Standard FGDC Vegetation Classification Governmental Unit Boundary Data Content Standard (USACE/Census) OGC Web Mapping Server (WMS) Spec. 1.1.0 ArcGIS Parcel Data Model

9. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Data Quality Standards Nat’l Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy ASPRS Guidelines for Large-scale Mapping SDTS Data Quality Guidelines National Map Accuracy Standards DNR Locational Data Standards Positional Accuracy Standards

10. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Data Encoding / Format Standards Naming, Proj./Coordinate, etc. FIPS, EPSG, … Raster GIF, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, GeoTIFF… Vector DLG, SVG, SFXML -> GML … Transfer & Exchange SDTS, shapefile, GML !

11. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 What is GML ? Geography Markup Language A set of XML technologies for handling spatial data on the Internet Built on W3C and consortia standards: XML, XSD, Xpointer, Xpath, Xlink XSLT, SVG/VML, RDF/S Geospatial XML encoding & schema language www.galdosinc.comwww.galdosinc.com www.opengis.org www.w3c.orgwww.opengis.orgwww.w3c.org

12. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Communications Protocols Http, TCP/IP, FTP, Wireless Interface: JAVA, CORBA, DCOM I/S/R: Z39.50, GILS, WAIS

13. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Emerging Webmapping Standards OGC – Open GIS Consortium WMS-- Web Map Server specification WCS -- Web Coverage Server WFS -- Web Feature Server WFS tie-in to GML Get feature_info, Get map WMS  Get capabilities

14. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Service Standards The new frontier … The concept of streaming free, subscription, and pay per view services is a solid but morphing vision … Will see emergence of content standards and APIs for services such as LBS

15. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Roles Played by Standards Data Model, Content, Architecture Community data sharing, exchange, enterprise integration Public data access, use constraints Data Quality / Data Value

16. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 OGC 2001 Interoperability Scenario Profiles: Common Architecture Stack Connectivity Service Integration & Workflow Service Discovery Service Description Service Data Format, Schema and Semantics Data Representation & Encoding Communication Protocols TCP/IP, HTTP, SSL, SMTP, FTP, IIOP, etc. ASCII, ASN.1/DER, XML, etc. HTML, XML/S, RDF, XMI, OGC-GML, OGC-WKT/WKB, etc. OGC SF, Coverage, Coordinate Transform, WMS, etc. HTTP, SOAP, COM, CORBA, SQL, J2EE, etc. WSDL,ISO-19119, etc. UDDI, OGC-Catalog, etc. WSFL, XLANG, ISO19119 Interoperability LayersInteroperability Standards Interoperability DCP

17. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Importance of Standards and Interoperability (OGC-2001) A Standards-based Framework is essential to develop a federated network of critical infrastructure information sources. Interoperability is required for cross-vendor, cross platform information sharing in a distributed environment. Interoperability is critical to the success of Information and Application Integration as envisioned in all industry segments.

18. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Cascading Standards Producers LIOs, LRCs RPCs, State Agencies WLIB, WLIA ANSI, FGDC, NIST ACSM, ASCE, ASPRS *Industry / Private OGC, W3C IETF, ISO

19. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Metadata Standards Dublin Core (DC), DIF, GILS, others Early library index, search, retrieval FGDC CSDGM v.2 Current Federal, ushered in by WLIA/B ISO 19115 Internat’l coming 2002 ? Flexibility, Profiles, Community Support

20. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Metadata: Informed Entry Point Metadata provides informed context from which to enter into data discovery, evaluation, access, integration, analysis, and developed interoperability. Information Mngmt. vs. Data Mngmt. Wisdom Knowledge Information Data

21. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Partnerships Clearinghouse (catalog) Metadata FrameworkGEOdata Standards National Spatial Data Infrastructure

22. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Community Partnerships WISCLINC Clearinghouse, (catalog) Regional & Local Data Collections Metadata Foundational Elements WI.Data WLIA/WLIP Standards Wisconsin Spatial Data Scenario

23. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Metadata Content Identification Information Naming Conventions, Consistent Citation Data Quality Information Data Quality standards and statements Spatial Data Organization Information SDTS, Data Model Spatial Reference Information EPSG, Definition

24. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Metadata Content (Continued) Entity and Attribute Information Data Model, Data Dictionary, Codesets Distribution Information Formats, Protocols, Restrictions, Services Metadata Reference Information Access Point, Liability,

25. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Data Integration Issues Components of Data Quality Data Currency Format Conversion Map Projections and Transformations Dimension Change Geocoding vs. Georeferencing Living with Error and Uncertainty

26. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Future Outlook… Trends in GIS/IT standards Concensus efforts Public/ Private consortia efforts Speed of implementation parallel to technology Approach to Standards Integration Awareness, Evaluation, Foresight, Commitment, Utilization

27. March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf. 2002 Further Information Questions ?? AJ Wortley State Cartographer’s Office 608/265-8106 aj@geography.wisc.edu http://www.geography.wisc.edu/sco/ http://wisclinc.state.wi.us/