1. Ch. 2: Regulating and Governing the Internet Should we impose limits on the flow of information in cyberspace? Implementing restrictions: – Challenge:

2. Origins of the Network pp. 29-31 Original aim: – “Survivable communications” Packets, packet switching – Labeled w/ origin, destination, sequence info for reassembling at destination – Donald Davies (beginning thru 2:09): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tT4AaelwvV4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tT4AaelwvV4 – Why is the data broken up into packets? for Queuing (@ 1:53 in video)

3. Origins of the Network cont’d First large-scale packet switching network was ARPANET. – Initial goal: resource sharing. – Usage discovery: electronic mail The idea of using a network to bring people together ARPANET and Milnet: interconnected “A network of networks” was born – the Internet – The “death of distance”

4. The Internet’s Architecture TCP/IP – Protocol: set of rules for communications IP – IP address: nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn (0-255) TCP – Packeting – Routers: packet switches NSPs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyosOGHOBHA

5. Distinctive features: Trait of openness Asynchronous Many-to-many communications Distributed Scalable Pp. 32-33

6. Facets of the Modern Internet WWW – Multimedia – Hypertext linking – Accessible html and http – A move to the semantic web for coding, xml Pp. 33-38 E-commerce – Trade – More products available to the consumer – Customization – Models B2C C2B B2B C2C

7. Facets cont’d Social Networking – Communication tools, sharing of info – See pp. 38-39 for an overview if unfamiliar – Challenges: monetizing web traffic & privacy – Ease of sharing info leads to problems Child porn, predators, bullying, stalking, sexting – Should these sites be liable for the illegal activities of their users? For the US, the Communications Decency Act §230c appliesCommunications Decency Act §230c Other countries often do not have laws to protect service providers. – See case studies: L’Affair Yahoo and A Case of Libel pp. 50-54

8. Social problems of the Internet Erosion of privacy Perverted forms of speech Illegitimate copying of music and video files Transaction fraud Hackers

9. Regulating the Problems Lessig’s 4 Constraints on Behavior 1.Laws 2.Social Norms 3.Market 4.Code / Architecture Other considerations: – Social costs: borne involuntarily by others Ex. Privacy

10. Approaches: Invisible hand: let it self-correct. Often best in situations where all the variables are not known/understood – Avoids the problem of capture “a process whereby those being regulated influence regulators so hat they no longer act in the public interest” – Funny aside: http://motherjones.com/media/2010/06/mark- fiore-voluntary-regulationhttp://motherjones.com/media/2010/06/mark- fiore-voluntary-regulation

11. Approaches: cont’d Visible hand: regulate it Difficulties inherent in Internet regulation: – Open architecture designed for sharing John Gilmore: “Information can take so many alt routes when one node is removed that the Net is almost immortally flexible … the Net interprets censorship as damage and routes around it.” p. 42 – Digital content difficult to contain – Jurisdiction is based on geography, Internet has no boundaries. – Do we net Net/tech specific laws?

12. Internet Regulation and Ethics A mix of approaches is likely The effectiveness of code to control behavior. The need for regulation to consider autonomy, privacy and security – Embracing values for human flourishing p. 50