1. From Last Week…. Definition of Distance Education Definition of Distance Education Theoretical Development in Distance Education Theoretical Development in Distance Education  Millennial Restructuralism  Incremental Reformism  Change and Restructuring

2. From Last Week … Levels of Course Webness Levels of Course Webness Media Richness. Media Richness. Affordances & Predictability Affordances & Predictability Questions About Distance Education Questions About Distance Education Equipment for DL and cost Equipment for DL and cost

3. TE 601 Distance Education Distance Education Media & Overview of typical communication & information systems in education and infrastructure development

4. TE 601 Distance Education Distance Education Media & Overview of typical communication & information systems in education and infrastructure development

5. Objectives Distance Education Media and Infrastructure What do you want to learn under this topic? What do you want to learn under this topic? What do we need to know? What do we need to know? Your career (career goal), your knowledge and skills? Your career (career goal), your knowledge and skills?  Industry  Academia

6. Evolution of Distance Education Media Print Print Broadcast television and radio Broadcast television and radio Cable television Cable television Interactive instructional television Interactive instructional television

7. Evolution of Distance Education Media Print Print Broadcast television and radio Broadcast television and radio Cable television Cable television Interactive instructional television Interactive instructional television

8. Evolution of Distance Education Media cont Recorded audio and video media Recorded audio and video media Audiographic conferencing Audiographic conferencing Video conferencing or Teleconferencing Video conferencing or Teleconferencing

9. Evolution of Distance Education Media cont  Compressed Video Teleconferencing  Full-Motion Video Teleconferencing  Desktop Video Teleconferencing Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN ) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN ) DSL DSL Fiber Optics Fiber Optics

10. Distance Education Media - from correspondence to collaborative learning The correspondence model emphasized learner independence The correspondence model emphasized learner independence  paper based  Videotapes or DVD  BROADCASTING Interaction : in form of correspondence of self- assessment exercises and instructor feed back Interaction : in form of correspondence of self- assessment exercises and instructor feed back TODAY: learner autonomy should include interdependence. TODAY: learner autonomy should include interdependence.

11. Today's - media Synchronous, Asynchronous feature of CMC Synchronous, Asynchronous feature of CMC Digital communications and the convergence of telecommunication technologies Digital communications and the convergence of telecommunication technologies

12. Current Technology for Distance Education 1) Computers and Learning  Laptop computers  Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)  DVD  Course Management Tools  (Cellular Phone - Korea)

13. Current Technology for Distance Education 2) Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)  Electronic Networks  Wireless Networks  Computer –conferencing  Virtual Reality  WV Virtual Environments Lab WV Virtual Environments Lab WV Virtual Environments Lab (http://wvvel.csee.wvu.edu) (http://wvvel.csee.wvu.edu)

14. MediaStrengthsWeaknesses Print inexpensive; learner- controlled; dense information passive Audio/Video dynamic; learner- controlled; vicarious experience development time/ cost Radio/TV immediacy; mass distribution development time/ cost; real time use Teleconferencing interactive immediacy complexity unreliability Computers multimedia; dynamic equipment needed development time/ costs Moore & Kearsley, 1996 Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance education: A systems view. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

15. Model of a Comm & Info Systems Infrastructure

16. TE 601 Distance Education 3 Major System Transfer Modes? 3 Major System Transfer Modes?  Satellite  CMC (WWW)  Videoconference

17. TE 601 Distance Education- Satellite System Transfer Modes System Transfer Modes  Satellite  1. Geostationary orbit 35,785 km from the center of the Earth35,785 km from the center of the Earth Covers 1/3 of the EarthCovers 1/3 of the Earth http://www.geo-orbit.org/http://www.geo-orbit.org/http://www.geo-orbit.org/

18. TE 601 Distance Education- Satellite System Transfer Modes System Transfer Modes  Satellite  2. Satellite delivery a. C-Band 3700-4200 MHz EDNET-Institute, WVa. C-Band 3700-4200 MHz EDNET-Institute, WV b. Ku-Band 11700-12200 MHz CERC, WVUb. Ku-Band 11700-12200 MHz CERC, WVU c. L Band 950-1450 MHzc. L Band 950-1450 MHz Chart- http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/spectrum.html Chart- http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/spectrum.htmlhttp://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/spectrum.html

19. TE 601 Distance Education- Satellite System Transfer Modes System Transfer Modes  Satellite  Many satellite-based providers  High quality picture and sound  Cost effective  Intradistrict network support  Geographical coverage in rural areas

20. Disadvantages of Telecommunications satellites subject to regulation by the FCC subject to regulation by the FCC Only a hand full of organizations in the world operating rocket facilities that can perform to lift a satellite into orbit. Only a hand full of organizations in the world operating rocket facilities that can perform to lift a satellite into orbit.  Rocket misfire and blow up Redundancy is required for built –in repetition of signals Redundancy is required for built –in repetition of signals Atmospheric disturbances, raindrops and snowflakes can create static Atmospheric disturbances, raindrops and snowflakes can create static

21. Disadvantages of Telecommunications satellites New competition: optical fiber lines (networks) New competition: optical fiber lines (networks)  Flexibility, lower cost  Have diverted much of the long- distance telephone business from satellites Competition benefit us = the development of more flexible satellite services Competition benefit us = the development of more flexible satellite services

22. TE 601 Distance Education - CMC System Transfer Modes System Transfer Modes  CMC  Uses Internet - WAN, LAN, ISDN, cable, ATM, SMDS, DSL, Fiber  Wireless

23. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). ISDN is an international telecommunications standard that offers a future worldwide network capable of transmitting voice, data, video, and graphics in digital form over standard telephone or fiber optic cable. ISDN is an international telecommunications standard that offers a future worldwide network capable of transmitting voice, data, video, and graphics in digital form over standard telephone or fiber optic cable. ISDN transmits media using digital rather than analog signals. ISDN transmits media using digital rather than analog signals.

24. TE 601 Distance Education - Internet System Transfer Modes System Transfer Modes  Internet  Access to libraries  Collaboration - ftp, email, (Frontpage)  Link between home and school

25. Videoconferencing Videoconferencing technology allows people at two or more locations to see and hear each other at the same time. Videoconferencing technology allows people at two or more locations to see and hear each other at the same time. http://www.vtel.com/ http://www.vtel.com/ http://www.vtel.com/ http://www.polycom.com/home/ http://www.polycom.com/home/ http://www.polycom.com/home/ http://www.phones4less.co.uk http://www.phones4less.co.uk http://www.phones4less.co.uk