1. LAN/WAN Networking: An Overview
Chapter 1

2. Learning Objectives
Define and identify the different types of networks
Describe the history of LANs and WANs
Discuss LAN and WAN integration, including the basic functions of bridges, routers, gateways, and switches
Describe network protocol integration methods
Explain the preparatory steps of network design

3. Computer Network
System of computers, print devices, and computer software linked by communications cabling or radio waves
Typically classified according to:
Reach and complexity
Protocols and topologies

4. Network Communication

5. Network Types Defined Local area networks Metropolitan area networks
Wide area networks

6. Local Area Network (LAN)
Series of interconnected computers, printing devices, and other computer equipment that share hardware and software resources
Service area usually limited to a given office area, floor, or building

7. Example of a LAN

8. Metropolitan Area Network
Links multiple LANs in a large city or metropolitan region
Typically uses fiber-optic connections

9. Example of a MAN

10. Wide Area Network (WAN)
Far-reaching system of networks that usually extends over 30 miles and often reaches across states and continents

11. Network Classification
Enterprise network
Combination of LANs, MANs, or WANs that provides users with an array of computer and network resources to complete different tasks

12. Enterprise Network

13. Identifying a Network Type
Communications medium
Wire cable, fiber-optic cable, radio waves, microwaves
Protocol
How networked data is formatted into discrete units
How each unit is transmitted and interpreted
Topology
Physical layout of cable and logical path
Network type
Private versus public

14. Events that Led up to LANs and WANs
Oersted
Morse
Undersea cable
Pony Express
Bell
1900s
Transcontinental and transatlantic calls
Voice digitization
Electronic digital computers
Transistors
Sputnik
Communications satellites
ASCII
Mass-produced minicomputers

15. LAN/WAN History: 1960s First WAN Hypertext
Use of fiber optics for phone signals
Beginning of ARPANET
Packets and packet switching
UNIX
Telecommunications equipment
First IMP prototype

16. LAN/WAN History: 1970s Ethernet ARPANET - 15 sites E-mail
Terminal emulation
International connections to ARPANET
Telecommunications conversion from analog to digital
X.25
First wireless gateway
Internet Protocol
LSI and VLSI chips
ICCB

17. LAN/WAN History: 1980s BITNET IBM’s PC Dial-up modem technology
TCP and IP adopted as protocol suite for ARPANET
First PC LAN
Arrival of Internet
Internetwork hosts
5,000 in 1986
100,000 in 1989
“Cyberspace”
T-carrier services
NFSNET
Desktop authoring and multimedia
SNMP

18. LAN/WAN History: 1990s ARPANET retired SS7 technology
NSFNET opened to commercial use
First cyberbank
Internet service providers
Over 16 million Internet hosts

19. LAN/WAN History: 2000s IPv6 used for Internet2 backbone communications
Video and radio capability
Prices of 1-Gbps devices fall as competition increases

20. LAN/WAN Integration 1960s-1980s Networks
Direct connection to host mainframe using Systems Network Architecture (SNA) communications protocol
Networks
Allow connections to many devices
Enable distributed client/server computing

21. Using SNA to Directly Connect without a Network

22. LAN/WAN Integration Becoming more advanced through networking devices
Bridges
Routers
Gateways
Switches

23. Bridges
Connect different LANs or LAN segments using the same access method

24. Routers
Connect networks having the same or different access methods and media
Forward packets and frames to networks by using a decision-making process based on:
Routing table data
Discovery of most efficient routes
Preprogrammed information from network administrator

25. Routers

26. Gateways
Enable communications between two different types of networked systems

27. Gateways

28. Switches Link network segments
Forward and filter frames between segments

29. Integrating Data Between LANs and WANs
Translation
Encapsulation
LAN emulation (LANE)

30. Network Design Introduction
How networks work in terms of protocols, access methods, and topologies
Physical equipment used in LANs and WANs
Basic network design principles
Using structured wiring and structured networking techniques
Designing for multimedia and client/server applications
Taking advantage of LAN and WAN device characteristics
continued…

31. Network Design Introduction
Assess characteristics of the organization that affect network design
Types and locations of computers
Software applications and resources required
Business patterns
High and low network use periods
Designing to facilitate troubleshooting
Type of security required
Anticipated growth

32. Chapter Summary Basic networking terms and concepts
History and evolution of local and wide area networking technologies
Different methods of integrating short and long distance information networks
How to prepare for designing networks