1. The Internet and New Technologies Chapter 2

2. “We had a choice to enter the country and follow the law. Or we had a choice to not enter the country.” —Eric E. Schmidt, Google CEO, on why the company chose to comply with China’s Internet censorship, 2006

3. Evolution of a Mass Medium Industrial Age vs. Information Age Mass Media Stages – Novelty or development stage – Entrepreneurial stage – Mass medium stage

4. The Internet’s History Begun by the Defense Department’s ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) Survivable communications in a post- nuclear-war world Nicknamed the “Net” No central authority, therefore no way to decapitate in wartime This effort gave birth to the Internet.

5. Bulletin Boards and Newsgroups Bulletin boards and newsgroups listed information. – Scholarly pursuits – Government research labs – Tech industry Now users can find information on virtually any subject. During 1990s the number of users doubled each year. – Growth attracted commercial interests.

6. World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee: Developed WWW at CERN HTML: Allows computers to communicate Web browsers: navigate the Web

7. Internet Structure Internet Service Providers (ISP) = big business World Wide Web (WWW) most frequently visited region of the Net Search engine reliability varies. – Direct marketing dream come true Interpersonal communication – E-mail – Instant messaging (IM)

8. Technological Breakthroughs Digital communication – Binary numbers – Duplicate, store, and play back complex media content Microprocessors – Process, store, and integrate electronic signals Fiber-optic cable – Tiny filaments – Carry huge volumes of information

9. Media Convergence Cultural and economic shifts: music downloading; online video games How much of online content is new? Does that matter?

10. YouTube: Broadcast Yourself YouTube.com was drawing twenty-five million hits a day in 2006, only one year after the site launched. Google bought YouTube in 2006 for $1.6 billion. The site allows users to post homemade video clips to share with anyone who wants to watch.

11. Regulatory Issues Little regulation on the Web In a world where information rules – Merger mania with telecoms – Everybody wants to dominate – Staggering amounts of money involved – Google dominates advertising Internet 2 (I2) – 100 times faster than the Web – Currently short of content

12. Media Giant

13. Online Options Open-source: Linux Wiki Web sites Blogs Social networking Web sites – Facebook – MySpace What are the potential benefits and dangers of user-created Web content?

14. The Challenge to Keep Personal Information Private Everything you buy with a credit card Every Web site you search Every form you fill out All can be combined into a database about you. – Modern marketing relies on such data. E-commerce’s popularity despite the risks Cookies Spyware Keylogging Opt-in, opt-out policies

15. Digital Divide Digital divide – The growing contrast between “information haves” and “information have-nots” The reality of the digital divide – In the United States – Between the U.S. and the rest of the world Nicolas Negroponte’s $100 laptop project

16. Will the Internet’s promise be crowded out by commercial interests? How has mass customization changed the way users interact with the Internet?