2. The American Colonies

3. Native American Culture Way of life varied based on location: Farmers, Nomadic, etc.: Not all Native Americans are the same Way of life varied based on location: Farmers, Nomadic, etc.: Not all Native Americans are the same Organized by kinship groups: Clans and tribes Organized by kinship groups: Clans and tribes Followed religious rituals and believed in earthly spirits and forces: Believed in multiple spirits of the earth such as wind, fire, rain, etc. Followed religious rituals and believed in earthly spirits and forces: Believed in multiple spirits of the earth such as wind, fire, rain, etc. Oral History and tradition Oral History and tradition Used barter system across regions Used barter system across regions BELIEVED LAND SHOULD NOT AND COULD NOT BE OWNED- It was everybody’s BELIEVED LAND SHOULD NOT AND COULD NOT BE OWNED- It was everybody’s

4. Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to have three ships. Christopher Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to have three ships. The three ships were: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. The three ships were: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. He landed in the Bahama Islands on October 12, 1492. He landed in the Bahama Islands on October 12, 1492. His exploration ushered in the AGE OF EXPLORATION His exploration ushered in the AGE OF EXPLORATION Picture Credit: http://www.mariner.org/age/columbus.html

5. Christopher Columbus Also named San Salvador meaning “Holy Savior.” Also named San Salvador meaning “Holy Savior.” He saw people and named them “Indians” because he thought that he was in the West Indies. He saw people and named them “Indians” because he thought that he was in the West Indies.

6. Columbian Exchange As a result of Columbus’s voyages to the New World, an exchange began between the Americas and the rest of the world. As a result of Columbus’s voyages to the New World, an exchange began between the Americas and the rest of the world. Cultural Diffusion- Spread of Cultural Diffusion- Spread of Culture throughout the world

8. Columbian Exchange Americas to Europe Europe to Americas Potatoes & Tomatoes Sugar, Tea, Coffee Maize, (Corn) Horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, rats Tobacco Diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping cough, bubonic plague, malaria, yellow fever ) Chocolate Asian cockroaches, Japanese beetleAsian cockroaches, Japanese beetle

9. Countries - France a.) Active in fur trade b.) Canada and lands west of Appalachian Mountains - Spain a.) Active in Florida and American Southwest b.) Established St. Augustine- FIRST permanent settlement in what will become the U.S. - England a.) Slow to become involved – worried of expense b.) Will come to dominate East coast of North America WHY?- GOD, GOLD, and GLORY!!!

11. Types of Colonies: JOINT STOCK Companies (Charter Colony) Joint-Stock Companies Joint-Stock Companies Owned by a corporation and stock holders Owned by a corporation and stock holders Economic ventures Economic ventures Elected own officials Elected own officials Jamestown, Virginia- Virginia Company Jamestown, Virginia- Virginia Company

12. Types of Colonies: Proprietary Owned by a person or family after land is given from king or queen Owned by a person or family after land is given from king or queen Make laws and appoint officials as they saw fit Make laws and appoint officials as they saw fit

13. Types of Colonies: ROYAL COLONY Under direct control of the King and he appoints the Royal Governor who appoints other officials Under direct control of the King and he appoints the Royal Governor who appoints other officials By the time of the Revolutionary War- all colonies were considered Royal- Controlled by the King By the time of the Revolutionary War- all colonies were considered Royal- Controlled by the King

14. England Starts Badly The English Colonies were established for a variety of reasons but mainly for RELIGION and WEALTH The English Colonies were established for a variety of reasons but mainly for RELIGION and WEALTH Roanoke Roanoke a.) Multiple attempts to establish colony in North Carolina (Virginia) b.) Close to 100 colonists disappeared c.) “Croatoan”

15. Jamestown First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North America- 1607 First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North America- 1607 Named in honor of King James Named in honor of King James Located in Virginia Located in Virginia Famous Leader- John Smith Famous Leader- John Smith Aided by local Natives including Pocahontas Aided by local Natives including Pocahontas Colony saved by Tobacco and John Rolfe Colony saved by Tobacco and John Rolfe

16. Jamestown Critical to the early survival of Jamestown was the policies of the Native Americans that allowed them to establish a settlement- a decision they no doubt regretted later Critical to the early survival of Jamestown was the policies of the Native Americans that allowed them to establish a settlement- a decision they no doubt regretted later First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North America- 1607 First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North America- 1607 “Virginia Company of London”: Intended for short term gain and then to be abandoned “Virginia Company of London”: Intended for short term gain and then to be abandoned Named in honor of King James Named in honor of King James Located in Virginia Located in Virginia The CHARTER was important because it clearly stated that colonist would have the same rights as English citizens The CHARTER was important because it clearly stated that colonist would have the same rights as English citizens

20. Jamestown Early Years- Were a nightmare Early Years- Were a nightmare 40 would be colonists died during the initial voyage (1606-07) 40 would be colonists died during the initial voyage (1606-07) Dozens more died once on shore of disease, malnutrition, and starvation Dozens more died once on shore of disease, malnutrition, and starvation The colonists were more concerned with finding gold so they spent their time searching for this instead of hunting the abundant game and fishing The colonists were more concerned with finding gold so they spent their time searching for this instead of hunting the abundant game and fishing

21. http://www.preservationvirginia.org/rediscovery/page.php?page_id=25http://www.womenlargejaw.com/node/992

22. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:View_of_James_Town_Island,_Captain_John_Smith_Statue.jpg

24. Jamestown: “The Starving Time” Despite effective leadership by John Smith and the aid of the Natives, the colonists were still dying in droves Despite effective leadership by John Smith and the aid of the Natives, the colonists were still dying in droves Were reduced to eat “dogges, Catts, Ratts, and Myce.” (31) Were reduced to eat “dogges, Catts, Ratts, and Myce.” (31) Some even dug up corpses and one man was executed for killing his wife and salting her to eat Some even dug up corpses and one man was executed for killing his wife and salting her to eat Of 400 hundred in Virginia in 1609- only 60 survived the “starving time” of winter 1609-10 Of 400 hundred in Virginia in 1609- only 60 survived the “starving time” of winter 1609-10

25. John Rolfe “Saved” Jamestown because he brought tobacco seeds “Saved” Jamestown because he brought tobacco seeds Tobacco grew well in the Virginia climate Tobacco grew well in the Virginia climate Europeans couldn’t get enough of it and Jamestown became a profitable colony at long last Europeans couldn’t get enough of it and Jamestown became a profitable colony at long last Colonists would grow it in the streets and even between graves. They even had to import their food Colonists would grow it in the streets and even between graves. They even had to import their food Wore out the land, also was labor intensive which meant more labor would be needed- Guess Who? Wore out the land, also was labor intensive which meant more labor would be needed- Guess Who?

27. The Pilgrims Went from England to Holland to North America in search of religious tolerance: Took 66 days Went from England to Holland to North America in search of religious tolerance: Took 66 days Were considered Separatists from the Puritans which wanted to purify the church Were considered Separatists from the Puritans which wanted to purify the church Settled the Plymouth Colony in MA in 1620 Settled the Plymouth Colony in MA in 1620 Mayflower Compact: Named for their ship / Contract between the Pilgrims / Common good / 1 st example of “consent to be governed”- similar to our constitution: FOUNDATION OF SELF GOVERNMENT Mayflower Compact: Named for their ship / Contract between the Pilgrims / Common good / 1 st example of “consent to be governed”- similar to our constitution: FOUNDATION OF SELF GOVERNMENT

29. Thanksgiving Pilgrims didn’t take the land from Natives- tribe had all died Pilgrims didn’t take the land from Natives- tribe had all died Was probably between Sept-Nov, most likely Oct. Was probably between Sept-Nov, most likely Oct. Celebrated in 1621 but not again for many years Celebrated in 1621 but not again for many years G. Washington proclaimed 1 st national Thanksgiving in 1789 G. Washington proclaimed 1 st national Thanksgiving in 1789 A. Lincoln made it national holiday for last Thursday in November A. Lincoln made it national holiday for last Thursday in November FD Roosevelt moved it to the second to last Thursday…why? FD Roosevelt moved it to the second to last Thursday…why?

30. Pilgrims

31. THINK!: What impacted the development of the distinct cultures of the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies?

32. New England Colonies Connecticut Connecticut Massachusetts Massachusetts New Hampshire New Hampshire Rhode Island Rhode Island (Maine- will break from MA) (Maine- will break from MA)

34. New England Colonies Reasons: Religious, Establish Puritan society, and Fur Trade Reasons: Religious, Establish Puritan society, and Fur Trade Economy : Fishing, Ship building, whaling and Fur Trade Economy : Fishing, Ship building, whaling and Fur Trade Important People: Important People: - Roger Williams: Established Providence, Rhode Island and First Baptist Religion in America - Thomas Hooker: Puritan who founded Connecticut

35. Middle Colonies New York (Taken from Dutch) New York (Taken from Dutch) New Jersey (From Dutch) New Jersey (From Dutch) Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Delaware Delaware

37. Middle Colonies Reasons: Expansion, Religious Tolerance, Freedom Reasons: Expansion, Religious Tolerance, Freedom Economy: Trade, Farming, and Lumber Economy: Trade, Farming, and Lumber

38. William Penn Established Quaker Pennsylvania, Wrote democratic constitution, Called for fair treatment of Natives, and wanted union of colonies Established Quaker Pennsylvania, Wrote democratic constitution, Called for fair treatment of Natives, and wanted union of colonies

39. Southern Colonies Virginia Virginia Maryland Maryland Georgia Georgia The Carolinas- Later North and South The Carolinas- Later North and South

41. Southern Colonies Reasons: Gold, Escape Debt (Georgia), Land wealth, Religious Reasons: Gold, Escape Debt (Georgia), Land wealth, Religious Economy: Tobacco, Rice, Indigo Crops: Labor intensive crops- Need for slaves Economy: Tobacco, Rice, Indigo Crops: Labor intensive crops- Need for slaves Tobacco and John Rolfe saved Jamestown and Virginia Tobacco and John Rolfe saved Jamestown and Virginia

42. Important People Captain John Smith- Led Jamestown, Helped it prosper, “Those who don’t work, don’t eat” Captain John Smith- Led Jamestown, Helped it prosper, “Those who don’t work, don’t eat” John Rolfe- First successful cultivation of tobacco- became main export crop John Rolfe- First successful cultivation of tobacco- became main export crop Credited with helping to save John Smith and help colony survive. Married John Rolfe- Lived in England Pocahontas - Credited with helping to save John Smith and help colony survive. Married John Rolfe- Lived in England

44. What impacted the development of the distinct cultures of the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies? Religion, Economy, and Climate Religion, Economy, and Climate

46. SLAVERY African slaves were first taken to Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and South America in the early 1500’s African slaves were first taken to Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and South America in the early 1500’s Were brought over as part of Triangular Trade between Africa, Europe, and the Americas Were brought over as part of Triangular Trade between Africa, Europe, and the Americas Portion of trip that brought slaves was the Middle Passage Portion of trip that brought slaves was the Middle Passage Were seen as better workers than Natives because more immune to diseases Were seen as better workers than Natives because more immune to diseases 1638- African Male cost $27 dollars (European Labor: $.70/ day) 1638- African Male cost $27 dollars (European Labor: $.70/ day) Originally used for servants for the rich- Later more manual labor and violent Originally used for servants for the rich- Later more manual labor and violent

51. Amistad http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXS6J AhMe1Q&feature=player_ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXS6J AhMe1Q&feature=player_ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXS6J AhMe1Q&feature=player_ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXS6J AhMe1Q&feature=player_