1. Lawrence G. Roberts CEO Anagran lroberts@anagran.com September 2005 ARPANET History

2. Copyright Anagran 2005 Packet Switching History Redundancy Routing Economics Topology Queuing Protocol Experiment INTERNET 3 nodes 13 20 38 Len Kleinrock MIT Paul Baran Rand Roberts & Marill MIT TX-2-SDC 2 Node Exp Larry Roberts ARPA Davies & Scantlebury NPL One Node Book “Communication Nets” IEEE paper FJCC Paper J.C.R. Licklider - Intergalactic Network Donald Davies NPL ACM paper IFIP paper ACM paper SJCC Paper ARPANET Program RLE Report Rand Report IEEE papers

3. Copyright Anagran 2005 The Beginning of the ARPANET 1965 – MIT Experimental Two Computer Experiment (ARPA Funded) – Packets over Dial Telephone Network 1 Proved Circuit Switching too slow, unreliable and expensive Packet Network Proposed by Roberts Queuing Theory – Len Kleinrock Packet Structure from Experiment Computer Interface from Experiment 1967 - Roberts moved to ARPA ARPANET Planned 2 1968 - All ARPA Research Sites pushed to join network and share computer power 1968 – RFP for Packet Switch won by BBN 1969 – Graduate Student Team to design host- host protocol: Led by Steve Crocker Vint Cerf on team 1.“Toward a Cooperative Network of Time-Shared Computers”,Roberts & Marill, Fall Joint Computer Conference, SF, California, November 1966 2.“Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communication, Lawrence Roberts, ” ACM Symposium, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, October 1967.

4. Copyright Anagran 2005 ARPANET Program Plan

5. Copyright Anagran 2005 ARPANET Logical Structure

6. Copyright Anagran 2005 Internet Early History TCP/IP NCP EMAIL FTP ICCC Demo Aloha-Packet Radio SATNET - Satellite to UK Spans US Ethernet DNS PacketRadioNET “ Internet ” Name first used- RFC 675 TCP/IP Design X.25 – Virtual Circuit standard Roberts term at ARPA Kahn term at ARPA Cerf term at ARPA

7. Copyright Anagran 2005 ARPANET in 1971 ARPANET 1971 18 Nodes

8. Copyright Anagran 2005 From: “Data by the Packet,” IEEE Spectrum, Lawrence Roberts, Vol. 11, No. 2, February 1974, pp. 46-51. Packet Switching – 1969 Cost Crossover

9. Copyright Anagran 2005 NAE Draper Award Laureates February 20 th, 2001 Roberts Kahn Kleinrock Cerf

10. Copyright Anagran 2005 US Internet Traffic ARPANET NSFNET Commercial