1. THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM D. C. Mikulecky Faculty Mentoring Program Virginia Commonwealth University

2. ANATOMY OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TESTIS SCROTUM PENIS SEMINAL VESSICLES, PROSTATE GLAND, BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS EPIDIDYMUS, VAS DEFERENS, URETHRA

3. TESTES PRIMARY REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OR GONADS PRODUCTION OF SPERM SUSPENDED OUTSIDE THE BODY CAVITY BY SCROTUM

4. PENIS DEPOSITS SPERM IN FEMALE ERECTILE TISSSUE (VASCULAR) ERECTION RESULTS FROM GORGING TISSUE WITH BLOOD ERECTION IS A PARASYMPATHETIC SPINAL REFLEX TO TACTILE AND OTHER STIMULATION ENHANCED BY SYMPATHETIC INHIBITION

5. SEMINAL VESSICLES, PROSTATE GLAND, BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS PROVIDE THE BULK OF THE SEMEN, A MIXTURE OF SECRETIONS, SPERM AND MUCOUS FRUCTOSE AND PROSTAGLANDINS FROM SEMINAL VESSICLES ALKALINITY AND CLOTTING ENZYMES FROM PROSTATE LUBRICANT FOR INTERCOURSE FROM BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

6. EPIDIDYMUS, VAS DEFERENS, URETHRA: EJACULATION ROUTE OF EXIT OF SPERM DUCTUS DEFERNS STORES SPERM DURING EMMISSION PHASE OF EJACULATION SPERM ARE EMPTIED INTO URETHRA BY SYMPATHETICALLY INDUCED CONTRACTIONS MOTOR NEURON INDUCED CONTRACTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT BASE OF PENIS EXPELL THE SEMEN DURING EXPULSION PHASE OF EJACULATION EJACULATION IS A PART OF ORGASM

7. ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM VAGINA UTERUS CERVIX CLITORIS LABIA OVARIES OVIDUCTS

8. VAGINA ENTRANCE TO UTERUS PLACE WHERE PENIS INSERTS TO DEPOSIT SPERM MUSCULAR, EXPANSIBLE TUBE

9. UTERUS MAINTAINS FETUS DURING PREGNANCY MUSCULATURE CONTRACTS TO EXPEL FETUS AT BIRTH

10. CERVIX LOWEST PORTION OF THE UTERUS PROJECTS INTO VAGINA CERVICAL CANAL SERVES AS PATHWAY FOR SPERM DURING SEXUAL INTERCOURSE PASSAGWAY FOR DELIVERY OF BABY FROM UTERUS

11. CLITORIS ERECTILE TISSUE ANALOGOUS TO PENIS IN MALE SENSITIVE AND EROTIC AT FOLD OF LABIA MINORA

12. LABIA SKIN FOLDS MAJORA- OUTER MINORA-INNER AROUND VAGINAL AND URETHRAL OPENINGS

13. OVARIES FEMALE GONADS IN ABDOMEN PRODUCE OVA SECRETE ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

14. OVIDUCTS LINK OVARIES TO UTERUS FALOPIAN OR UTERINE TUBES PICK UP OVA AT OVULATION SITE FOR FERTILIZATION

15. SEXUAL INTERCOURSE COITUS OR COPULATION AT SOME POINT PENIS IS INSERTED INTO VAGINA SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE

16. THE FOUR PHASES OF SEXUAL CYCLE EXCITEMENT PLATEAU ORGASM RESOLUTION

17. EXCITEMENT CAN BE INITIATED PHYSICALLY (TACTILE STIMULI)AND/OR PSYCHOLOGICALLY CLITORIS, SURROUNDING PERINEAL AREA AND PENIS ARE PRIMARY AREAS FOR THIS OTHER SENSITIVE AREAS MAY CONTRIBUTE IF STIMULATED, BREASTS, TESTICLES, ETC. ERECTION OF PENIS AND CLITORIS RESULT (CLITORIS IS A HOMOLOGUE OF THE PENIS) LUBRICATION FROM VAGINAL CAPILLARIES, GLANDS AT OPENING OF VAGINA AND PENIS PREPARE FOR INTERCOURSE

18. PLATEAU INTENSIFICATION OF CHANGES DURING EXCITEMENT PHASE HEART RATE AND BREATHING CHANGES MUSCLE TENSION INCREASES VAGINA TIGHTENS AROUND PENIS HEIGHTENING SENSATION UTERUS RAISES UPWARD CREATING SPACE FOR EJACULATE

19. MALE ORGASM RHYTHMIC CONTRACTIONS DURING SEMEN EXPULSION INVOLUNTARY RHYTHMIC THROBBING OF PELVIC MUSCLES BREATHING AND HEART RATE INCREASED EMOTIONAL RESPONSE: RELEASE AND COMPLETE GRATIFICATION RESOLUTION PHASE INVOLVES SYMPATHETIC VASOCONSTRICTION A REFRACTORY PERIOD PREVENTS MULTIPLE ORGASMS IN THE MALE

20. EPIDIDYMUS, VAS DEFERENS, URETHRA: EJACULATION ROUTE OF EXIT OF SPERM DUCTUS DEFERNS STORES SPERM DURING EMMISSION PHASE OF EJACULATION SPERM ARE EMPTIED INTO URETHRA BY SYMPATHETICALLY INDUCED CONTRACTIONS MOTOR NEURON INDUCED CONTRACTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT BASE OF PENIS EXPELL THE SEMEN DURING EXPULSION PHASE OF EJACULATION EJACULATION IS A PART OF ORGASM

21. FEMALE ORGASM PARALLELS THAT IN MALES WITH TWO EXCEPTIONS NO COUNTERPART TO EJACULATION NO REFRACTORY PERIOD-MULTIPLE ORGASMS POSSIBLE

22. SEX DETERMINATION AND DIFFERENTIATION SEX CHROMOSOMES X AND Y 22 PAIRS AUTOSOMAL 1 PAIR DETERMINES SEX: XX OR XY FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND EXTERNAL GENETALIA DEVELOP REGARDLESS TESTOSTERONE PRODUCES MALE CHARACTERISTICS EVIDENT AFTER 10 TO 12 WEEKS

23. MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY DEPENDS ON TESTOSTERONE TESTICULAR LEYDIG CELLS SECRETE TESTOSTERONE TESTES DESCEND AND PASS OUT OF ABDOMINAL CAVITY

24. TESTOSTERONE: BEFORE BIRTH BEFORE BIRTH:MASCULINIZES REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND EXTERNAL GENETALIA DESCENT OF TESTES CEASES AT BIRTH RETURNS AT PUBERTY

25. PUBERTY IN THE MALE USUALLY 10-14 YEARS OLD ENDOCRINE,PHYSICAL, AND BEHAVIORAL LEYDIG CELLS “AWAKE”

26. TESTOSTERONE: AT PUBERTY SPERMATOGENESIS ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS ENLARGE AND BECOME SECRETORY PENIS AND SCROTUM ENLARGE LIBIDO

27. EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE ON SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS HAIR GROWTH PATTERN DEEP VOICE THICK SKIN MALE BODY CONFIGURATION

28. OTHER EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE BONE GROWTH PROTEIN ANABOLIC EFFECT EVENTUALLY STOPS BONE GROWTH AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR(IN ANIMALS) MALE MENOPAUSE

29. CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GRH + TESTESSERTOLI CELL LEYDIG CELL TESTOSTERONE INHIBIN SPERMATOGENESIS FSHLH

30. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY CYCLIC OOGENESIS FERTILIZATION PREGNANCY DELIVERY MENOPAUSE

31. THE OVARIAN CYCLE FOLLICULAR PHASE LEUTEAL PHASE ONLY INTERRUPTED BY PREGNANCY ENDS AT MENOPAUSE

32. FOLLICULAR PHASE PRIMARY OOCYTE IS IN A PREPARATORY PHASE FIRST MEIOTIC DIVISION OVULATION ESTROGEN SECRETED FROM FOLLICLE

33. LEUTEAL PHASE AFTER OVULATION DEVELOPMENT OF CORPUS LUTEUM SECRETES PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN DEGENERATES AFTER 2 WEEKS IF NOT FERTILIZED

34. IF NOT FERTILIZED CORPUS LEUTEUM DEGENERATES ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE LEVELS FALL MENSTRUAL PHASE INVOLVES SLOUGHING OF PREPARED ENDOMETRIUM NEW CYCLE STARTS-NEW FOLLICLES DEVELOP AND BEGIN SECRETING ESTROGEN

35. CONTROL OF FSH AND LH SECRETION DURING FOLLICULAR PHASE HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GRH + OVARY LOW LEVELS OF ESTROGEN INHIBIN FSHLH

36. CONTROL OF LH SURGE AT OVULATION HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GNRH + OVARY HIGH LEVELS OF ESTROGEN OVULATION FSHLH MATURE FOLLICLE

37. FEEDBACK CONTROL DURING LUTEAL PHASE HYPOTHALAMUS ANTERIOR PITUITARY GNRH + OVARY HIGH LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE LH CORPUS LUTEUM MODERATE LEVELS OF ESTROGEN

38. FERTILIZATION IN OVIDUCT SPERM DEPOSITED IN VAGINA AT EJACULATION TRAVEL TO OVIDUCT TAKES A LITTLE OVER 1/2 HOUR CERVICAL CANAL IS OPEN DUE TO ESTROGEN BEING HIGH AND REMAINS OPEN TWO TO THREE DAYS SPERM ENTER UTERUS AND ARE CHURNED AROUND WHEN REACH OVIDUCT, SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS PROPELL THEM ONWARD MATURE EGG RELEASES A CHEMOTACTIC AGENT OUT OF SEVERAL HUNDRED MILLION ONLY A FEW THOUSAND MAKE IT TAIL OF SPERM MANEUVERS IT FOR FINAL PENETRATION

39. HORMONES OF PREGNANCY PLACENTA IS ORGAN OF EXCHANGE PLACENTA SECRETES HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG)- PROLONGS LIFE OF CORPUS LUTEUM ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE LEVELS EVEN HIGHER NOW AFTER 10 WEEKS PLACENTA TAKES OVER

40. PARTURITION POSITIVE FEEDBACK CERVICAL DILATION DELIVERY DELIVERY OF PLACENTA

41. LACTATION MAMMARY GLANDS OR BREASTS MILK PRODUCING GLANDS AND FAT ACTION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE IS TO PREPARE GLANDS DURING PREGNANCY ALSO BLOCK PROLACTIN’S STIMULATION OXYTOCIN-MILK EJECTION SUCKLING TRIGGERS OXYTOCIN RELEASE