1. Let’s Review GOVERNMENT!!!!

2. National Government Established in Article I of the Constitution Lawmaking body = CONGRESS Legislative Branch Established by Article II of the Constitution Enforces laws = PRESIDENT Executive Branch Established in Article III of the Constitution Interprets the law = SUPREME COURT Judicial Branch

3. Legislative Branch Congress National Pass bills into law 2/3 can propose a Constitutional Amendment General Assembly State Make statutes ¾ of state legislatures can ratify a Constitutional Amendment City Council Local/city Make ordinances

4. Powers Expressed/Enumerated/ Delegated Powers *Given to national government Coin Money Declare War Establish an army/navy Reserved Powers * Given to state governments Conduct Elections Establish Schools

5. Congress National lawmaking body Representation is based on population – Count taken every 10 years (CENSUS) – Redistricting, or redrawing of Congressional lines, is done after the census to be sure people are represented fairly Gerrymandering is the unfair and illegal redistricting The Speaker of the House will become President if the President and VP are unable to fulfill duties

6. Limits on Congress Can not pass ex post facto laws – Making an action illegal after the fact Can not pass bills of attainder – Punishing a person without a trial Can not suspend the writ of habeas corpus – Holding a person without informing them of the charges against them

7. How Congress makes a Bill into a LAW Only members of Congress can propose a bill Bill is sent to a committee to be examined. If the committees chairperson doesn’t like it they could ignore it, or pigeonhole it! The bill goes to the floor for debate and a vote If the bill passes with a majority vote, it will travel to the other house The bill must pass both houses in identical form or it must go to a conference committee to work out the differences Both houses revote and if it passes it goes to the President The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or ignore it while Congress is out of session and call it a pocket veto

8. Executive Branch President national Enforces national laws Vice President, cabinet, and executive agencies Governor State Enforces state statutes Lt. Governor, cabinet, and Council of State Mayor and City Manager local Enforce local ordinances Mayor is elected City Manager is hired

9. President Elected by the Electoral College – Must win 270 electoral votes to win – Each state has the same number of electoral votes as members of Congress – If no one wins 270 electoral votes, the House of representatives will choose the President Appoints federal judges with the approval of the senate

10. FBI Part of the executive branch because they enforce federal laws They investigate federal crimes such as counterfeiting, espionage, and kidnapping Have the largest jurisdiction, but the smallest number of law enforcement officials

11. State Executive Branch Headed by the governor – Holds line item veto power (can strike a part of a law they don’t like and sign rest into law!) Governor is helped by the LT. Governor (runs on a separate ticket) Appoints a cabinet to help them An elected Council of State also helps – Department heads of 8 executive agencies that are elected by citizens

12. Local Executive Branch Mayor is the elected city executive – Role is largely ceremonial City manager is the hired city executive – Hired by the city council to run the day to day operations and administrative aspects of the city Sheriff is elected and is part of the county executive branch – Enforces laws in the county, outside of city limits – Runs the county jail

13. Federal Court Jurisdiction US Supreme Court US Court of Appeals UD District Court

14. National Judicial Branch Supreme Court has the power of judicial review – The authority of the court to declare a law or action to be unconstitutional – Established by the court case of Marbury v. Madison Cases are called to the Supreme Court by a writ of certiatori Primarily hears cases involving things such as espionage, counterfeiting, or kidnapping

15. State Court Jurisdiction NC State Supreme Court NC Court of Appeals NC Superior Court NC District Court

16. State Judicial Branch Most cases are heard in state court Magistrates will hear most traffic cases and issue most warrants

17. What do YOU KNOW? 1. What are powers given to the national government called? 2. What is the power of line item veto? Who has it? 3. What is judicial review? What case established it? 4.Who hears most court cases? 5.How is the President elected?

18. Let’s see how much YOU KNOW… 1.Enumerated/ Expressed/ Delegated 2.Ability to strike out a portion of a law that they do not like and sign the rest into law/ the power rests with the governor 3.Authority of Supreme court to declare a law or action to be unconstitutional/ Marbury v. Madison established judicial review 4.State courts 5.Electoral College

19. Are you going to get a 3? 6.Who are the three lawmaking bodies? 7.Which branch of government is the FBI part of? Which level of government? 8.Who hears most traffic cases and issues most warrants? 9.What calls a case to the Supreme Court? 10.Who is the elected executive of a city?

20. Let’s see…… 6.Congress, General Assembly, and city council 7.Executive branch/ federal level 8.Magistrates 9.Writ of certiatori 10. mayor

21. Or Will You get a 4? 11. What is the purpose of a conference committee? 12. What is a writ of habeas corpus? 13.What are state laws called? What are local laws called? 14.Which article of the Constitution established the Executive Branch? 15.What is conducting elections an example of?

22. Hopefully…. 11.Work out a compromise on a proposed bill 12.Says that a person must be brought to court and told the charges that they are being held on 13.Statute/ ordinance 14.Article II 15.Reserved powers