1. Contraceptives What you NEED to KNOW…
About 750,000 teens (15-19) become pregnant is US each year
6 in 10 US pregnancies are unplanned
Most teens do not plan on having sex the first time and forget to use birth control method
Couples who use no birth control have an 85% chance of a pregnancy within the first year
Remember:
The total risks of birth control are much less than the total risks of pregnancy!
All Information from Nathan Matza,Huntington Beach Community Clinic, 2002

2. Abstinence Only 100% method of Birth Control
Communication between partners is important
Reasons to abstain:
Personal beliefs
Medical reasons
Moral or religious values
Future Plans
Not ready for an intimate relationship

3. Oral, Patch, & Ring Contraceptives
No Protections against STDs
To be effective:
Take same time everyday
Use condoms for fisrt month
Use condoms when on antibiotics
Use condoms for 1 week if you miss a pill
Side-Effects
Breast Tenderness
Nausua
Increase in Headaches
Moodiness
Weight change
Spotting
Hormones work to stop ovulation, thin uterine lining, and thicken cervical mucus
Safe and over 99% effective when taken properly
Pap Smear/ Prescription required
Eases menstrual cramps
Shortens/regulates periods
Decreases acne
Decreases incidence ovarian cysts
Prevents ovarian and uterine cancer
Forms:
Pills (1 pill each day for 21 days)
Patch (1 patch a week for 3 weeks)
Ring (worn inside for 3 weeks)

4. Male Condoms
97% effective when used properly (actual 88% effective due to human error)
Prevents pregnancy and the spread of STDs
Blocks egg and sperm from meeting
Available in latex or polyurethane
Can be combined with spermicide to increase effectiveness

5. Female Condoms
95% effective (typically 79% effective due to human error)
Polyurethane
Physically inserted into vagina
Blocks egg and sperm from meeting

6. Emergency Contraception (ECP)
AKA Plan B and the Morning after pill
Must be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex (2 pills taken 12 hours apart)
Reduces chance of pregnancy by 75%
Floods ovaries with hormones and prevents ovulation
Alters environment of uterus to disrupt egg and sperm

7. Depo-Provera Shot 99.7% effective at preventing pregnancy
Given once every 3 months to prevent pregnancy
Stops ovulation and menstrual cycles
Thickens cervical mucus
Side Effects:
Spotting for 3-6 months
Weight change
Breast tenderness
Mood change

8. Spermicides Only 76% effective when used alone
Chemicals kill sperm in vagina
Some work instantly, other require pre-insertion
Forms:
Jelly, Foam, Film, Suppository
Should be used in combination with another method

9. Diaphragm 94% effective (typically 80% due to human error)
Latex barrier placed inside vagina during intercourse
Fitted by physician
Inserted 18 hours prior to intercourse
Can be left in for a total pf 24 hours
Should be used with spermicidal jelly for increased effectiveness

10. Cervical Cap Latex barrier inserted in vagina before intercourse
“caps” around cervix with suction
Fill with spermicidal jelly prior to use
Can be left in body for up to 48 hours
Must be left in place 6 hours after intercourse
91%effective (typically only 80%)

11. Intrauterine Devices (IUD)
T-shaped object placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy
Does not protect against STDs
Must be on period during insertion (may hurt 1-2 mins after insertion)
Over 99% effective
Prevents sperm from reaching egg
Prevents egg from implanting into uterus
IUD can cause a perforation in uterus
Can get PID during insertion which can cause infertility
Lasts up to 5 years
Can be Copper or Hormonal

12. Tubal Ligation Permanent Sterilization
Surgical Procedure performed on woman
Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, and cauterized
Prevents eggs from reaching sperm
Failure rate %
May experience heavier periods

13. Vasectomy Male permanently sterilized Failure rate 0.1%
Faster and easier recovery than tubal ligation
Ligation of Vas Deferens tube
Prevents the release of sperm
A reverse surgery is available, with 50-70% chance of pregnancy after

14. Withdrawal or Pull Out Method
Removal of penis from vagina before ejaculation occurs
Not a sufficient method of birth control by itself
1 in 5 women practicing withdrawal become pregnant
Very difficult for male to “control”

15. Natural Family Planning & Fertility Awareness Method
Woman take a class to learn how to calculate their more fertile times
Requires special equipment and cannot be self-taught
NFP: abstains from sex during fertile time
FAM: uses barrier method during fertile time
Typical effectiveness rate 75%
But there is no 100% “safe day”