1. The Modernist Implantation in Nigeria: Aina Onabolu and Kenneth D. Murray

2. Map of Nigeria depicting the various ancient cultures

3. Head, 2500-800 BP (500BC-200AD) Nok Culture Terracotta Stylized naturalism

4. Triton shell, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100BP (900 AD) Skeumorphic representations

5. Roped Vessel on a stand, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100 BP (900AD)

6. Head of an Ooni (used in annual ritual of renewal) Ife, (Yoruba) Nigeria Leaded Brass (Zinc brass) 800-500 BP Idealized naturalism; youthfulness ephebism

7. Figure of an Ooni in ceremonial regalia Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Leaded Brass—Zinc Brass 800-500 BP Emotional proportion

8. Head of a ritual specialist, Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Terracotta 700-500 BP Inner/outer beauty; functionality

9. Ogboni Couple Ijebu Yoruba Brass 19 th century Symbiotic relationship; umbilical chord

10. Osugbo Doors, Ijebu Yoruba Wood, 19 th /20 th century Visual metaphors of Power

11. Warrior Chiefs, Benin, Bronze Plaque, 400-300 B.P, 18.7/8 in Social and emotional proportion

12. Palace Messenger, Middle Period, Benin Bronze, 25 in.

13. Portuguese Soldier, Plaque Period, Benin Bronze

14. British Marines amidst their Loot from the Punitive Expedition Of 1897, Benin.

15. Modernism within the province of European art From 19 th -20 th century Modernity; newness; freshness; change; industrialization; disruption Modernist transplantation in Africa—new idiom; easel painting

16. Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselle d’Avignon, oil on canvas, 1907

17. Epa, Yoruba, Nigeria Wood, pigments 20 th century

18. Painting the head of an infant In the ritual of “knowing the inner head”

19. Orisa Priestess with painted forehead

20. Sacred painting on the façade of a shrine in Ayegunle-Ekiti, Nigeria

21. Oluorogbo shrine painting Ile Ife, Nigeria

22. Uli shrine wall at Nri, Igbo, Nigeria

23. Aina Onabolu Barrister Oil on canvas 1920s

24. Aina Onabolu, Portrait of a Man Watercolor on Board 1955

25. Joshua Johnson—Portrait of a Gentleman, oil on canvas, c. 1805-1810 Supposedly Rev. Daniel Coker of the AME; limner tradition

26. Joshua Johnson, “In the Garden” Oil on canvas, c. 1830?

27. The Limner Tradition Commissioned Portraits Status -characteristically flat, plain or dark background With little attention to details Subtle modulation of tones -Liner approach connected to British/Dutch tradition Frontal Approach/frontally placed—looks directly at the audience Flowing drapery, ¾ view Proportions contradicts the academic canon of ratio 1:7